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51.
52.
In Japan, there has been an increased concern about family and community participation in the childs education. Traditionally, the role of parents and community in Japan has been one of support and less one of active involvement in school learning. Since the government commenced education reforms in the last quarter of the 20th century, a more active role for parents and the community in education has been encouraged. These reforms have been inspired by the need to tackle various problems that had arisen, such as the perceived harmful elements of societys preoccupation with academic achievement and the problematic behavior of young people. In this paper, the following issues are examined: (1) education policy and reform measures with regard to parent and community involvement in the childs education; (2) the state of parent and community involvement at the eve of the 20th century. 相似文献
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54.
Marianne?Mansour Andrew?J.?MartinEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Michael?Anderson Robyn?Gibson Gregory?Arief?D.?Liem David?Sudmalis 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2016,43(2):221-244
This study explored the role of student (e.g., age, language background, gender), home (e.g., parent/caregiver education), and school (e.g., school type, size) socio-demographic factors in students’ school (e.g., in-school arts tuition, arts engagement), home (e.g., parent/caregiver–child arts interaction), and community (e.g., arts attendance, arts tuition) arts participation. The sample comprised 1172 elementary and secondary school students from 15 schools. Findings revealed that student and home socio-demographic factors were the most salient in predicting arts participation across school, home, and community contexts. Age, gender, and prior achievement were the key student socio-demographic factors, while parent/caregiver education and occupation were also associated with students’ arts participation. Implications for practice and intervention pertinent to young people’s arts participation are discussed. 相似文献
55.
This paper reports research on the effects of variations in injection velocity and permeability on the heat transfer and flow
through a highly porous medium between two horizontal parallel plates situated at constant distance with constant suction
by the upper plate. Due to this type of variation in injection velocity and in permeability the flow becomes three dimensional.
The governing equations are solved by adopting complex variable notations to obtain the expressions for the velocity and temperature
field. The skin-friction along the main flow direction and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the help of graphs. 相似文献
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This article examines the historical fantasy world created by Joan Aiken in the eleven volumes of her Wolves of Willoughby Chase series. In particular it looks at her subversion of historical reality by the creation of an alternative yet recognisable representation of our own world, using a wide range of events, and the remoulding of aspects of language and geography. It also discusses her reasons for writing in this form and explores the character of Dido Twite as heroine and major raison dtre of the series.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the article title. 相似文献
58.
This meta-analysis integrates 296 effect sizes reported in eye-tracking research on expertise differences in the comprehension
of visualizations. Three theories were evaluated: Ericsson and Kintsch’s (Psychol Rev 102:211–245, 1995) theory of long-term working memory, Haider and Frensch’s (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cognit 25:172–190, 1999) information-reduction hypothesis, and the holistic model of image perception of Kundel et al. (Radiology 242:396–402, 2007). Eye movement and performance data were cumulated from 819 experts, 187 intermediates, and 893 novices. In support of the
evaluated theories, experts, when compared with non-experts, had shorter fixation durations, more fixations on task-relevant
areas, and fewer fixations on task-redundant areas; experts also had longer saccades and shorter times to first fixate relevant
information, owing to superiority in parafoveal processing and selective attention allocation. Eye movements, reaction time,
and performance accuracy were moderated by characteristics of visualization (dynamics, realism, dimensionality, modality,
and text annotation), task (complexity, time-on-task, and task control), and domain (sports, medicine, transportation, other).
These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of visual expertise in professional domains and their
significance for the design of learning environments. 相似文献
59.
Learners studying mechanical or technical processes via dynamic visualizations often fail to build an accurate mental representation
of the system’s movements. Based on embodied theories of cognition assuming that action, perception, and cognition are closely
intertwined, this paper proposes that the learning effectiveness of dynamic visualizations could be enhanced by grounding
the movements of the presentation in people’s own bodily experiences during learning. We discuss recent research on embodied
cognition and provide specific strategies for how the body can be used to ground movements during the learning process: (1)
making or observing gestures, (2) manipulating and interacting with objects, (3) using body metaphors, and (4) using eye movements
as retrieval cues. Implications for the design of dynamic visualizations as well as directions for future research are presented. 相似文献
60.
The exploratory study focused on describing typical routines of preparing for winter outdoor play with preschool children
and their teachers. Naturalistic observations, interviews and photographs resulted in extensive examples of children’s development
in cognitive understanding of winter and winter-related concepts. Observations of teachers and assistants revealed task-oriented
perspectives including detailed strategies and planning. Asynchronous communication and directive language were typical of
teacher/child communication. Photo analyses confirmed physical skills used by preschoolers to accomplish dressing tasks and
extensive curricular changes to indoor environments. 相似文献