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91.
伴随着信息与通信领域的关键技术以及产业背景下新型业务需求的发展,物联网的关注重点、关键支撑技术以及服务形式都在持续地变化。自20世纪90年代末物联网概念被提出至今,物联网的代际演进可以系统地梳理为具有不同特征的三个阶段,包括注重物体标记的初代物联网、注重物体联网的二代物联网以及引入了社交网络的新型社交物联网。为了构建完整的物联网系统,应深刻地理解技术发展和产业需求是如何驱动物联网的代际演进,并在此基础上,谋求关键技术的选用和协同,以提供适应物联网设备和应用特征的解决方案。 相似文献
92.
The Resources and Strategies Boys Use to Establish Status in a Junior School without Competitive Sport 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Jon Swain 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2002,23(1):91-107
The data in this paper comes from an ethnographically based study of Year 6 (10-11-year-old) boys in an English junior school. It investigates the resources and strategies used and created by the boys to classify themselves, and to construct and perform their masculinity in a tightly regulated school where competitive sport (including playground football) is prohibited for the majority of the school year. The paper considers the relationship between the formal school culture and informal pupil culture, and, in particular, the options open, limited and closed to the boys to construct their masculinities and establish status/prestige within their immediate peer group. One option open was being able to work hard in class without peer reprovement, but despite the limitation of competitive games/sport, the most favoured form of masculine status was still exemplified by embodied forms of athleticism and physicality. The paper also explores another way of gaining status, which was by a form of verbal abuse known as 'cussing': this was a pervasive and prevalent part of school life, and is viewed as another form of competitive, stylised performance. 相似文献
93.
Children with Asperger's Disorder present unique challenges due to their impairments in social functioning. In order to better understand the experiences of parents of children with Asperger's Disorder, interviews were conducted with 20 parents. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and coded using the systematic methods of Grounded Theory. The central phenomenon of “constructing normalcy” emerged from the data as a salient construct for participants. Parents interviewed described a process of meaning‐making with respect to standards of “normalcy” and an effort to create adaptive environments for their children. 相似文献
94.
PROSPECTS - While numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of physical activity on cognitive health, learning, and executive function, maintaining physical activity throughout one’s... 相似文献
95.
Dean Karnopp 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1977,303(1):85-98
Although no truly linear physical systems exist, linearized system models are very often used in practice to study the dynamics of real systems and components. Here, the relations between the power and energy in a non-linear physical system and the analogous quantities associated with variables representing small deviations from steady-state values are studied. Sometimes a linearized system is energetically similar to the non-linear system from which it was derived, and in other cases, new types of energy elements appear which were not present in the original system. In order to show the structure of the systems, the results are presented in both equation form and in the form of bond graphs which are unique in exhibiting the power and energy structure of system models. 相似文献
96.
97.
Jon Baggaley 《Distance Education》2016,37(3):366-375
This commentary discusses reasons that lead scholars to feel entitled to make judgements in areas where they have little or no expertise. Three current reports about the future of online learning are considered, issued by the Global Learning Council, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Gates Foundation. Two of these publications contain contradictions and confusion that may simply be due to lack of awareness of distance education (DE) and online learning research. The third report gives good evidence but has been criticized for being too academic. The conflicting standards and criteria evident in such writings may be due to institutional pressures to promote policies and principles despite lack of supportive evidence, and to weaknesses in the DE literature itself. As major institutional policies about online learning are likely to be based on the recommendations of such reports, it is important for DE specialists to challenge them where appropriate. 相似文献
98.
“人的全面发展”内涵新析 总被引:58,自引:0,他引:58
把握“人的全面发展”内涵的实质,应确立两个理论前提:第一,“人的全面发展”在很大程度上是一种理想、一种追求、一种社会和人生的信念;第二,“人的全面发展”是一个相对的概念,而不具有绝对的意义。同时,“人的全面发展”还应包含四个层面的内涵,即完整发展、和谐发展、多方面发展、自由发展。 相似文献
99.
The problems of response bias in longitudinal studies of college students are examined. An extensive follow-up questionnaire was sent to 1,253 college seniors who had participated in a similar survey as freshman four years earlier. Careful measure of student responsiveness in relation to various techniques designed to increase the proportion of responders (e.g., postcard, telephone contact) were kept.The less responsive groups were significantly different from their more responsive counterparts on nearly a dozen variables representing a wide variety of content areas, including academic achievement, self-concept, alcohol consumption, social deviance, and major choice preferences. Controlling for sex and socioeconomic status served to reduce, but not eliminate, these biases. Overall, the results indicate that researchers cannot account for follow-up nonresponse bias by making statistical adjustments according to data available at initial testing. The results are discussed in light of identifying the reasons for nonresponse, and attempting to develop categories of nonresponders who may be motivated to cooperate by different types of follow-up techniques. 相似文献
100.
Matthias von Davier Kentaro Yamamoto Hyo Jeong Shin Henry Chen Lale Khorramdel Jon Weeks 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2019,26(4):466-488
ABSTRACTBased on concerns about the item response theory (IRT) linking approach used in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) until 2012 as well as the desire to include new, more complex, interactive items with the introduction of computer-based assessments, alternative IRT linking methods were implemented in the 2015 PISA round. The new linking method represents a concurrent calibration using all available data, enabling us to find item parameters that maximize fit across all groups and allowing us to investigate measurement invariance across groups. Apart from the Rasch model that historically has been used in PISA operational analyses, we compared our method against more general IRT models that can incorporate item-by-country interactions. The results suggest that our proposed method holds promise not only to provide a strong linkage across countries and cycles but also to serve as a tool for investigating measurement invariance. 相似文献