Competency-based training in international perspective: comparing the implementation processes towards the achievement of employability

This article undertakes a comparison of competency-based training (CBT) systems in a number of countries with the purpose of drawing lessons to support Ghana and other countries in the process of CBT implementation. The study focuses on recognition of prior learning and involvement of industry since these features seem crucial in achieving employability. The study shows that industry is involved in the training activities. However, recognition of prior learning (RPL) requires innovative techniques, such as e-portfolio and on-line facility, to provide greater awareness and quality information to assist learners to produce work-related evidence. Performance criteria in RPL assessment must cover situational contexts and contingency management skills to enhance flexibility and adaptable labour force in the event of changes in workplace practices.     

Toward a Model of Transfer as Sense-Making

We propose a novel theoretical framework for knowledge transfer that consists of constructing a representation of context, generating a solution, and evaluating whether the solution makes sense given that context. Sense-making and satisficing processes determine when the transfer cycle begins and ends, and the classical mechanisms of transfer (identical rules, analogy, knowledge compilation, and constraint violation) are triggered under different representations of context. We use this framework to interpret student transfer behaviors with examples from the literature in the domains of physics and mathematics. We view this framework as a research tool to explore the dynamic nature and complexity of transfer by highlighting critical features and issues that a complete model of transfer must address. We describe how the framework relates to the classical and recent alternative approaches to understanding transfer and discuss the implications for theory development and instruction.     

Public Versus Private Colleges: Political Participation of College Graduates

Using data from the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:93/03) of College Graduates, we use structural equation modeling to model the relationships between college major, values held in college, collegiate community service participation, and the post-college political participation of college graduates by public versus private institutions. We use Holland’s Theory of person-environment fit as lens to understand differences in political participation across majors and institutional contexts. Over a 10-year period immediately after receiving the baccalaureate, we find that choice of major and individual values are differentially associated with post-college political participation for private institution graduates when compared to the counterparts at public institutions. We relate our findings to extant literature that highlights the differences in institutional characteristics between public and private colleges and socialization patterns of undergraduates that may inform differences in post-college political participation. Implications for future research are also offered.     

家庭在学生终身体育观念形成过程中作用的研究

终身体育观念是学生坚持体育锻炼的基础，影响学生体育观念形成的因素除了社会、学校外，家庭对学生终身体育观念的形成也具有十分重要的意义，但目前对于家庭的作用还不够重视。作者通过问卷法、文献法等研究了家庭在学生体育观念形成过程中的作用，并提出相应的对策建议。     

体育舞蹈选手的赛前心理状态及训练方法

体育舞蹈是现代社会一种高雅的文体活动，由于它有着丰富的艺术内涵，采用体育竞赛的形式，是一种陶冶情操和锻炼体魄的极好形式，深受各国人民喜爱。运用问卷调查法、文献资料法对体育舞蹈选手赛前心理状态和影响赛前状态的心理因素进行分析，并提出有针对性的心理训练法。     

Impact of a Didactic and Experiential Sales Training Based on Empathy: A Quasi‐Experimental Study

This research examined the impact of a didactic and experiential sales training based on empathy on medical salespeople's self‐reported capacity for empathy. The study used a non‐equivalent, post‐test‐only quasi‐experimental design by comparing the capacity for empathy of an experimental group (n = 66) and a control group (n = 26). A Mann‐Whitney test showed no difference between the two groups. Managerial implications are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.     

Interpreting HbA1c in Presence of Deficiency Anemias

HbA1c is used extensively for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. It constitutes 80% of glycated HbA1(Glycated haemoglobin(GHb)A), and depends upon blood glucose and RBC life span. RBC life span varies with anemia, leading to a consequent alteration in the HbA1c value irrespective of the circulating blood glucose concentration. But to the best of our knowledge no Hb cut offs have been derived for appropriate interpretation of HbA1c. The prevalence of anemia in Indian population is nearly 40% as per its definition by WHO—Hb < 12 g/dL in females and < 13 g/dL in males—with most cases attributable to nutritional deficiencies. Hence, we aimed to identify Hb cut-off for accurate interpretation of HbA_1c in presence of deficiency anemias. Partial correlation between random blood glucose (RBG) and HbA_1c was studied in 1312 subjects, 470 of whom had deficiency-related anemia]. The data was adjusted for age, sex and Hb. Partial correlation between RBG and HbA1c was highly significant (p < 0.0001) till Hb of 8.1 gm/dL. Significance reduced to p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 as the cut off of Hb reduced to 7.1 gm/dL and 5.0 gm/dL, respectively, but was not lost. Hence, caution in interpretation of HbA_1c is not required till an Hb of 5 g/dL.     

浅谈中国蓝球队伍老化及对策

为摆脱中国篮球队伍老化困难,在人材体系、教练员、裁判员及管理制度方面提出一些看法。     

Scientific Ideas Held by Intending Primary Teachers in Britain and Spain

This paper offers a comparative analysis of some science concepts held by intending primary teachers in Britain and Spain. Drawing on personal construct theory, a questionnaire was devised to elicit concepts of volume, mass and conservation of mass, and their application to physical and chemical transformations. The results from the two countries show the difficulties students have in applying the conservation of mass to the apparently simple cases offered here. The replies are analysed in terms of differences in national curricula and in the range of science previously studied. The implications for teacher education are elaborated.     

泉州市中学新任体育教师职业角色调查研究

采用文献法、问卷调查法、谈访法、层次分析法等，就职业态度、职业角色适应、职业满意度等对泉州市2003届89名新任中学体育教师进行了研究。结果表明：新任体育教师具有较强的角色适应能力，人际关系融洽，对学生有较高的了解度；但近半数教师职业态度模糊，专业思想不稳定；学校体育未得到应有的重视、经费不足、场地设施简陋、无法发挥自己的能力、经济待遇较低等是职业满意度不高的主要因素；对《体育与健康》课程基本理念认知不足，教育行动研究观念和行为缺失，影响和制约新课程的实施。