A simple and efficient device for demonstrating cross‐sectional anatomy of the head

Described in this article is a novel device that facilitates study of the cross‐sectional anatomy of the human head. In designing our device, we aimed to protect sections of the head from the destructive action of handling during anatomy laboratory while also ensuring excellent visualization of the anatomic structures. We used an electric saw to create 15‐mm sections of three cadaver heads in the three traditional anatomic planes and inserted each section into a thin, perforated display box made of transparent acrylic material. The thin display boxes with head sections are kept in anatomical order in a larger transparent acrylic storage box containing formaldehyde solution, which preserves the specimens but also permits direct observation of the structures and their anatomic relationships to each other. This box‐within‐box design allows students to easily view sections of a head in its anatomical position as well as to examine internal structures by manipulating individual display boxes without altering the integrity of the preparations. This methodology for demonstrating cross‐section anatomy allows efficient use of cadaveric material and technician time while also giving learners the best possible handling and visualization of complex anatomic structures. Our approach to teaching cross‐sectional anatomy of the head can be applied to any part of human body, and the value of our device design will only increase as more complicated understandings of cross‐sectional anatomy are required by advances and proliferation of imaging technology. Anat Sci Educ 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

关于高校体育素质教育与终身体育

本文以全民健身纲要的指导思想为出发点,结合世纪之交的高校体育教学必须适应社会发展的要求这一课题,围绕终身体育教育,探讨了这一特定历史时期,体育教育不仅要增强学生体质,还要加强学生体育意识、观念等综合素质教育的教学方法。     

The association of bike fitting with injury,comfort, and pain during cycling: An international retrospective survey

Although bike fitting is recommended to help reduce injury risk, little empirical evidence exists to indicate an association between bike fitting and injury incidence. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bike fitting on self-reported injury, comfort, and pain while cycling from a worldwide survey of cyclists. A total of 849 cyclists completed an online questionnaire between February and October 2016. Questionnaire collected data on respondent demographics, cycling profile, bike fitting, comfort and pain while cycling, and injury history. The main predictor variable was bike fitting (yes, by the respondent, i.e. user bike fitting; yes, by a professional service; or no). Covariates included demographic and cycling profile characteristics. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of injury within the last 12 months, reporting a comfortable body posture while cycling, and not reporting pain while cycling. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. User bike fitting was associated with increased odds of reporting a comfortable posture (OR?=?2.28, 95%CI: 1.06, 4.68). User (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.48, 3.84) and professional bike fitting (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.42, 3.98) were both associated with increased odds of not reporting pain while cycling. No associations were found between bike fitting and injury within the last 12 months. In conclusion, we found an association between bike fitting and reported comfort and pain while cycling. We recommend integrating bike fitting into cycling maintenance. However, further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the presence of an association between bike fitting and injury.     

Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to fitness-test performance and match standard

The aim of this study was to examine the kinematic activity profiles, cardiovascular responses and physical fitness of top-class football referees (n=11) during the FIFA Confederations Cup 2005. Computerised match-analyses (n=9) were performed with a two-dimensional photogrammetric video system, and the cardiovascular demand imposed on the referees (n=12) was measured using heart rate recordings. Total distance covered was 10,218, s=643 m of which 3531, s=510 m was covered at high intensities (>3.6 m.s(-1)). Both total distance covered (r2=0.59; P=0.02) and high-intensity activities (r2=0.44; P=0.05) were related to the distance covered by the ball in the same match. The referees ran at high speed 37% further (P=0.01) in the actual tournament than during under-17 top-level officiating. After the 5-min interval during which high-speed running peaked, in the following 5 min the performance was reduced by 19% (P=0.01) in relation to the mean of the game. Mean heart rate was 161, s=9 b.min(-1) (86, s=3% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)). Mean heart rate (expressed as percentage of HRmax) was related in part (r2=0.36; P<0.01) to the number of high-intensity activities performed in the same 5-min interval. The results of this study show that: (1) kinematic activity profiles of top-class referees can be influenced by the distance covered by the ball; (2) the amount of high-speed running (>5 m.s(-1)) best describes the physical performance of referees; (3) heart rate recording can be a useful tool to determine the most intense periods of a match and (4) the new fitness tests adopted by FIFA were poor predictors of match activities.     

Web pages as a tool for a strategic description of the Spanish largest firms

The need for this study lies in the assumption that an in-depth examination of the map site of a firm that has a well-developed website can provide patterns about its corporate strategy through all the elements surrounding the organisation, and even a primary source for benchmarking. This technique has made it possible to identify the key issues in the strategic management of the most excellent large Spanish firms and also to describe trends in this sense. The methodology used consisted in a content analysis of the web pages of the Ibex35 companies of the Spanish Stock Market. Rather than focusing on the breakdown of businesses developed by each corporation, it was thought more appropriate to assess their respective corporate principles, as this would allow a better identification of the underlying managerial, organisational and strategic realities of these organisations. As a conclusion we can say that thanks to this technique, it has been possible to identify the key issues in the strategic management of the most excellent large Spanish firms. Additionally, it is shown how this way of working can be generalised to any group of enterprises.     

从第9届世锦赛看我国田径运动发展趋势

运用文献资料查询法和统计分析法,对第九届世锦赛的现状进行定性和定量分析,找出我国田径运动的不足之处,并提出合理化建议.力争使我国的田径运动在经历了低谷之后,能够进一步巩固现有的成绩,在2008年奥运会上取得历史性突破.     

高校体育课程内容改革与大学生体育生活现状研究

从调查闽南5所高校的大学生体育生活现状人手，对近年来福建省高校体育课程教学内容设置的改革成果作出初步评价，结果：现行体育教学内容、形式、方法不受欢迎，与大学生的意愿差距大；课程学习评价体系未被认同。建议：把大学生喜爱的体育项目作为课程内容设置的重要依据，提高其实效性；加强体育课内容、形式、方法与体育生活的联系，使体育课程成为大学生所喜爱的学习内容和生活内容之一。     

速度素质在现代三级跳远中的重要作用

运用文献资料的分析方法,对速度素质在现代三级跳远中的作用进行了研究.结果认为,在现代三级跳远中,助跑速度不但对提高运动成绩起决定性的作用,同时也是影响运动员采用何种技术类型的主要因素之一.减少三跳中的速度损失率体现了现代三级跳远技术的灵魂,更是现代三级跳远技术发展趋势的重要特征.     

普通高校体育教学实施创新教育探析

运用文献资料法和问卷、专家访谈调查法，在对创新教育的内涵、时代特征正确把握的基础上，结合当前影响普通高校体育教学对大学生进行创新教育的不利因素。对普通高校体育教学实施创新教育的方略进行了探讨，以期为高校体育在对大学生的创新教育中更好地发挥作用提供一定的参考。