柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦地区古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年

大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分，与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育。这些花岗岩具有两类不同的岩石地球化学特征，I类以Na20／K2O比值小于1、明显的负Eu异常和低sr、高Y为特征，具有S-型花岗岩的属性，Ⅱ类以Na2O／K2O比值大于1、弱负Eu异常到正Eu异常和高Sr、低Y为特征，具有I-型花岗岩的属性，反映了它们的源岩及成因上的差异。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明，大柴旦地区花岗岩的年龄可分为三组，第一组年龄为446.3±3.9Ma，第二组年龄分别为408.6±4.4Ma、403.3±3.8Ma、401.8±3Ma，第三组年龄分别为374.5±1.6Ma、372±2.1Ma。结合区域地质特征，我们认为，第一组年龄可能反映了柴达木陆块与中南祁连板块碰撞的时代，第二组年龄可能反映了深俯冲地下的板块由于拆沉而折返的时代，第三组年龄可能反映了碰撞隆起后造山带上不同块体之间的伸展、滑塌的时代。     

Mathematical Analysis of Nonlinear Helmbold-type Equations of Warfare

An important variable-coefficient nonlinear differential-equation model for combat between two homogeneous military forces is studied. Results for the representation of force-level trajectories are given as well as new important “simple-approximate” battle- outcome-prediction conditions. Such conditions are very significant in modern operations research for developing important insights into the dynamics of combat. Conditions are also investigated under which the nonlinear Helmbold-type differential-equation model may be transformed into a linear combat model. These results allow one to study inefficiences of scale in combat and provide important insights into the tradeoffs between quantity and quality of weapon systems.     

Operating characteristics of hyperbolically and elliptically constrained self-adaptive incremental newton—raphson algorithms

To improve the versatility, stability and efficiency of the Newton—Raphson technique, further extensions and formalisms are generated in the constrained family of algorithms. Specifically, this paper; (i) introduces the use of piecewise continuous constraint bounds and, (ii) extends the formal rigorous base of the constrained scheme by considering such items as convergence characteristics, the existence of safety zones and self-adaptive attributes. To benchmark the enhancements, the results of several numerical experiments involving large deformation elasticity problems are presented. These illustrate the inherent stability and efficiency of the constrained incremental scheme in handling problems with varying curvature definiteness.     

Perceived Psychological Control in Early Adolescence Predicts Lower Levels of Adaptation into Mid-Adulthood

This study examined perceived parental psychological control in early adolescence as a critical stressor likely to be associated with lower levels of adaptation into mid-adulthood. A diverse sample of 184 adolescents was followed from age 13 through 32 to assess predictions to adult adaptation. Perceived parental psychological control at age 13 predicted relative decreases in observed support, lower likelihood of being in a romantic relationship, and lower academic attainment (after accounting for grade point average at baseline) by age 32. Many outcomes were mediated by lower levels of psychosocial maturity and peer acceptance in mid-adolescence. Overall, results suggest that perceived parental psychological control in early adolescence potentially undermines autonomy so as to lead to less favorable outcomes well into adulthood.     

Higher education in Hong Kong — the approach to 1997 and the China factor

Hong Kong has two major economic assets: its geographical location and labour force. Shortage of educated manpower has created a bottleneck hampering economic growth. Substantial emigration flows relating to 1997 is also a problem. Development of higher education and infrastructure are means to ensure sustainable economic growth. The government plans to enable 25% of the relevant age group to attend degree and diploma courses in 1995 through rapid expansion and heavy subsidy.Most families are willing to work hard to provide for their children's education. They believe that their society is full of opportunities, and wealth and education important criteria determining one's social status. While Confucian ethics continue to influence attitudes and values, utilitarian considerations are now significant in the choice of disciplines, extra-curricular activities, staff-student relationship, etc.Rapid expansion of tertiary education creates a shortage of qualified staff and students. Fear of 1997 affects academics' dedication. They have to plan their insurance policy and signs of self-censorship emerge. Meanwhile, localization makes progress and the government begins to support research. Exchanges with China allowed local academics to help Chinese universities to renew their external linkages and establish new curricula.Higher education in Hong Kong has completed its take-off. It has achieved standards of developed countries. In the 1990s, it will attempt to consolidate and improve its quality.This is the updated and revised version of a paper prepared for the conference Hong Kong In Transition 1992 organized by the One Country Two Systems Economic Research Institute in Hong Kong     

The cargo cult and the protestant ethic as conflicting ideologies: Implications for education

As a prolonged endeavor, education has been ideologically justified in American society by the certainty of the Protestant ethic, in terms of rewards for adherence and punishment for deviation. That certainty is increasingly challenged by contemporary culture's numerous celebrations of cataclysmic reward of inherent endowment, cunning, speculative choice, and fortuitous circumstances. In essence, a nascent cargo cult ideology posits as an alternative to the certainty of the Protestant ethic, the indetermination of good fortune. This paper seeks to distinguish the Protestant ethic and cargo oult as competing ideologies, how each articulates to the organization of formal education and its presumptions, and some implications of their contention for education.     

A plan for the development of a conceptually-based mathematics curriculum for disadvantaged children I: Theoretical foundations

The purpose of this two-part article is to point the way towards more sophisticated educational technologies with specific reference to educating the disadvantaged. In Part I, after summarizing some of the current problems in educating the disadvantaged, a new theory of structural learning is proposed and relationships between this theory, educational technology, and curriculum development are made explicit. This conceptual framework then is used as a basis for planning curriculum development in education. Part II shows in more detail how this plan may be applied in the real world with special reference to three specific projects:

1. An efficient and self-instructional way to diagnose and teach the basic arithmetical skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
2. A systematic way of teaching children how to read critically based on a behavioral analysis of the process in terms of logical reasoning.
3. A plan for in-service teacher education which deals with mathematical processes (as opposed to content).

     

Examining a Comprehensive College Transition Program: An Account of Iterative Mixed Methods Longitudinal Survey Design

Research in Higher Education - There are few accounts in the higher education literature of mixing methods at the survey design stage and very little guidance targeting higher education researchers...     

Early Intervention for Behaviour Problems in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities

This article reviews research on intervention for young children with dual developmental and behavioural problems. It makes a case for intervention to include family variables and to occur in the preschool years. Behaviour problems are common in young children with developmental disabilities. If untreated these problems are likely to persist and become more challenging and severe in adulthood. Behaviour problems interfere with cognitive, social and emotional development, create additional family stress, often lead to exclusion from community services, and result in additional financial costs to the community. Intervention research provides some support for the effectiveness of parent management training and interventions based upon applied behaviour analysis. However, randomised controlled trials with adequate follow-up periods are required, along with the measurement of outcomes for the family as a whole.