Validation of Accelerometer-Based Energy Expenditure Prediction Models in Structured and Simulated Free-Living Settings

This study compared accuracy of energy expenditure (EE) prediction models from accelerometer data collected in structured and simulated free-living settings. Twenty-four adults (mean age 45.8 years, 50% female) performed two sessions of 11 to 21 activities, wearing four ActiGraph GT9X Link activity monitors (right hip, ankle, both wrists) and a metabolic analyzer (EE criterion). Visit 1 (V1) involved structured, 5-min activities dictated by researchers; Visit 2 (V2) allowed participants activity choice and duration (simulated free-living). EE prediction models were developed incorporating data from one setting (V1/V2; V2/V2) or both settings (V1V2/V2). The V1V2/V2 method had the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) for EE prediction (1.04–1.23 vs. 1.10–1.34 METs for V1/V2, V2/V2), and the ankle-worn accelerometer had the lowest RMSE of all accelerometers (1.04–1.18 vs. 1.17–1.34 METs for other placements). The ankle-worn accelerometer and associated EE prediction models developed using data from both structured and simulated free-living settings should be considered for optimal EE prediction accuracy.     

Clifton Forge and Back Again

Abstract

Coming from small-town Appalachia, Josh Howard reflects on his career as a public historian with a focus on sport. He maps out his recent work at the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Lamar University, and other sport history work in explaining a journey from a background in statistics to one in public sport history. He concludes by offering some suggestions to better develop scholarship on the intersection of public history and sport history specifically through partnerships with professional sport franchises.     

Winning Is(n't) Everything: The Paradox of Excellence and the Challenge of Organizational Epideictic

Encompassing both the controlled messages of values advocacy and less explicit rhetorical actions such as philanthropy, community programs, and volunteerism, organizational epideictic affirms common values. This essay argues that such common values are problematized by the presence of paradox even in seemingly innocuous epideictic subjects. Through a case study of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's “Stay in Bounds” program teaching children to be good sports both on and off the field, the essay demonstrates the challenges of organizational epideictic through the paradox of excellence. It also provides suggestions for the management—but not elimination—of paradox in organizational epideictic, particularly directed at external publics.     

Behavioural Approaches in Education: explanations in terms of science and in terms of personal justification

Behavioural approaches in education have achieved widespread acceptance in recent years yet they stand in an uneasy relationship to theories of learning. Behaviourism is widely regarded as an inadequate theoretical underpinning for behavioural pedagogy but no alternative explanation has taken its place. Moreover many of the criticisms levelled by philosophers at behaviourism still have force when applied to nominally atheoretical behavioural approaches. This has led some writers to call for the rejection of behavioural techniques by teachers. This article argues that behavioural educational practices are best placed within in a ‘rational’ or ‘justificatory’ framework, rather than within a strictly ‘scientific’ account of human activity. Firstly, the distinction between these two explanatory frameworks is drawn. Secondly, the major criticisms levelled at behavioural accounts of human action are outlined. Thirdly, various aspects of behavioural education are discussed, in the light of a justificatory and rational perspective on human behaviour in order to show how such a viewpoint can both account for and enrich our understanding of behavioural practices.