The local curriculum in Mozambique: the Santa Rita Community School in Xinavane

In 1983, Mozambique started reviewing the education system that it had inherited from the Portuguese colonial administration. One of the innovations introduced into basic education is the time allocated to the local curriculum (LC) within the national curriculum (NC). The LC enables the communities, including the poorest and those furthest removed from the school environment, to identify themselves with the importance of schooling and allow children to find meaning in what they learn with respect to their life in their community. The good practice described below has been introduced in a community school, where it has successfully brought together the LC and NC to become an individual and collective asset for the community in which it has been implemented. It is a successful example worth studying in detail.

论片面共犯的理论基础及其实践意义

片面共犯应作为共同犯罪的一种特殊形式予以肯定。片面共犯区别于完全的共同犯罪，但有其存在的理论基础，符合共同犯罪的构成要件，并且当今的现实社会中存在着大量的片面共犯的现象。因此，应肯定片面共犯学说，完善共同犯罪理论。     

The Nature of Scientific Practice and Science Education

There is, broadly speaking, an agreement within the international science education community that comprehension of the nature of science (NOS) should be a key element in the scientific literacy of citizens. During the last few decades, several didactic approaches have emerged concerning what and how to teach NOS. Also, one of the basic objectives of science education is for students to become familiar with the skills typical of scientific practice; however, there is little reference to their need to also acquire meta-knowledge about scientific practice (i.e., an understanding of the nature of scientific practice). Among other reasons, this may be due to NOS being essentially identified in most of the predominant proposals with the nature of scientific knowledge. But why not plan the teaching of science to be in tune with real scientific practice for students to learn about the nature of scientific practice at the same time as they are learning science? The answer to this question has given rise to a proposal grounded in ten essential pedagogical principles for the teaching and learning of science in secondary school. These are the principle of formulating questions, the principle of creativity and imagination, the principle of experimentation, the principle of procedural diversity, the principle of errors as opportunity, the principle of modeling, the principle of cooperation and teamwork, the principle of argumentation and discussion, the principle of communication, and the principle of evaluation. The purpose of this article is to present the justification and fundaments of these principles.     

对高校学生评教信度和效度的反思

由于高校教学管理观念上存在误区、学生评教制度设计不合理、学生评教组织过程不严密、评价主体参与不足、评价结果处理不当、学生评教未能形成经常化、制度化等原因,被广泛应用的学生评价教师教学质量(简称学生评教)在实践中没有发挥应有的作用。需要从以下几方面加强建设:正确认识学生评教工作,建立科学的学生评教制度,正确处理学生评教的结果,关注学生评教制度带来的道德风险,以提高学生评教的信度和效度。     

远程开放教育学习者特征分析与元认知能力构建

如何在大规模的远程开放教育中培养学习者的元认知能力,教会学习者如何学习,是远程开放教育领域日益关注的问题.文章首先阐述了远程开放教育学习者构建元认知能力的必要性,然后对开放教育学习者特征数据进行分析,试图针对学习者的特征找到提升元认知能力的策略,从而更好地提升教育教学质量.     

基础医学研究生创新能力培养的探索与实践

研究生教育侧重于创新教育,基础医学教育是研究生教育中至关重要的一部分,它不仅关系着人们的健康,而且也标志着整个国家的医疗水平。章文以延安大学医学院基础医学研究生作为实践与研究的对象,探讨了如何提高基础医学研究生的创新能力。     

化学实验室常见废弃物的处理

实验废弃物对环境的负面影响尚未引起人们应有的重视。要避免其任意排放对环境的危害，应依据绿色化学减量化、再利用、再循环的原则对其进行处理，化学实验室废气应采用溶液吸附法和固体吸收法等来处理、废水应采用中和法、萃取法、化学沉淀法、氧化还原法等来处理，实验用过的有机溶剂应进行回收与提纯。     

Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno’s Textbooks: Audiences, Teaching Practices and Chemical Revolution

Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno wrote two editions of a chemistry textbook between 1788 and 1802. The paper offers a comparative view of both editions taking into account Gutiérrez Bueno’s biography, his intended audience and the changes related to the so-called chemical revolution. Some conclusions are at odds with common images about scientific revolutions and the role of textbooks in science. The analysis aims to shed some light on the multiple historical forces shaping textbooks and the way in which scientific change is assimilated by their writers. This research was partially supported by the program BHA2002-04611-CO3-02     

保险合同除外条款及其控制——对保险霸王条款现象之冷思考

保险合同中的除外条款既是合同自由的表现,又是保险之本质要求。但基于保险合同的附和性、保险专业性以及保险信息不对称的因素,有必要对保险合同中的除外条款予以控制,以达合同正义与保险业健康发展之功效。通过对除外条款予以司法、立法、行政上的控制,以实现对弱势的保险消费者予以特别保护。各国保险的先进理念及立法之实例,对我国目前保险立法的借鉴大有裨益。     

陕西省商品粮基地县建设的思考

对陕西省商品粮基地县建设的分析表明，该省商品粮基地县数量自1984年的20个增至2000年的38个，其粮食作物播种面积与粮食产量则呈波动性上升。商品粮基地县在地域分布上主要集中于关中平原，其次是汉中盆地，黄土高原及陕南秦巴山地呈零星分布。随着“人粮矛盾”的日益突出，务必加大对关中平原和汉中盆地商品粮基地县的建设力度，并在自然生态条件有所改善的延安、安康等市开拓新的商品粮基地县。