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971.
Shannon O’Donnell Steve Bird Gregory Jacobson Matthew Driller 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):611-618
Stress hormone and sleep differences in a competition versus training setting are yet to be evaluated in elite female team-sport athletes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate salivary cortisol and perceptual stress markers during competition and training and to determine the subsequent effects on sleep indices in elite female athletes. Ten elite female netball athletes (mean?±?SD; age: 23?±?6 years) had their sleep monitored on three occasions; following one netball competition match (MATCH), one netball match simulation session (TRAIN), and one rest day (CONTROL). Perceived stress values and salivary cortisol were collected immediately pre- (17:15 pm) and post-session (19:30 pm), and at 22:00 pm. Sleep monitoring was performed using wrist actigraphy assessing total time in bed, total sleep time (TST), efficiency (SE%), latency, sleep onset time and wake time. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (p?.01) immediately post MATCH compared with TRAIN and CONTROL (mean?±?SD; 0.700?±?0.165, 0.178?±?0.127 and 0.157?±?0.178?μg/dL, respectively) and at 22:00 pm (0.155?±?0.062, 0.077?±?0.063, and 0.089?±?0.083?μg/dL, respectively). There was a significant reduction in TST (?118?±?112?min, p?.01) and SE (?7.7?±?8.5%, p?.05) following MATCH vs. TRAIN. Salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher, and sleep quantity and quality were significantly reduced, following competition when compared to training and rest days. 相似文献
972.
Lachlan Mitchell Gary Slater Daniel Hackett Nathan Johnson Helen O’connor 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):619-629
This study aimed to describe the body composition and physiological changes which take place during the in-season and recovery periods of a group of natural bodybuilders. Natural male bodybuilders (n?=?9) were assessed 16 (PRE16), 8 (PRE8), and 1 (PRE1) week(s) before, and 4 (POST4) weeks after a bodybuilding competition. Assessments included body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), serum hormones, and 7-day weighed food and training diaries. Change in parameters was assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Dietary protein intake remained high throughout the study period (2.8–3.1?g?kg?1?d?1). Fat mass (FM) was significantly reduced from PRE16 to PRE1 (8.8?±?3.1 vs. 5.3?±?2.4?kg, P?.01). There was a small decrease in lean mass (LM) from PRE8 to PRE1 (71.8?±?9.1 vs. 70.9?±?9.1?kg, P?.05). No changes in RMR were observed (P?>?.05). Large reductions in total and free testosterone (16.4?±?4.4 vs. 10.1?±?3.6?nmol?L?1, P?.05; 229.3?±?72.4 vs. 116.8?±?76.9?pmol?L?1, P?.05), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (27.0?±?7.7 vs. 19.9?±?7.6?nmol?L?1, P?.05) occurred between PRE16 and PRE1. LM and IGF-1 increased from PRE1 to POST4 (70.9?±?9.1 vs. 72.5?±?8.5?kg, P?.05; 19.9?±?7.6 vs. 25.4?±?9.3?nmol?L?1, P?.05). Despite substantial reductions in FM, participants maintained almost all of their LM. The reduction in anabolic hormone concentration is likely attributable to the prolonged negative energy balance, despite a high dietary protein intake. 相似文献
973.
The reported incidence of head and neck injuries in hurling is 0.12 per 1000 hours, but no previous research has quantified head impact characteristics in this sport. Here, a wireless accelerometer and gyroscope captured head impacts, in 20 senior club level hurling players. Peak linear and rotational acceleration and impact location were recorded during three hurling training sessions, each player participating once. A mean of 27.9 impacts (linear acceleration >10g) per player, per session were recorded; 1314 impacts during a total exposure time of 247 minutes. Only 2.6% impacts had peak linear acceleration of >70g and 6.2% had peak rotational acceleration >7900 rad/s2. There were significant differences in the number and magnitude of impacts, quantified by the accelerometer, between three training sessions of differing intensity (?2 0.03–0.09, p < 0.001). This study represents a first step in quantifying head impacts during hurling, demonstrating the feasibility of this technology in the field. The sensors were able to discriminate between sessions of varying intensity. These data can be used to develop athlete monitoring protocols and may be useful in developing innovative helmet-testing standards for hurling. The potential for this technology to provide feedback has clinical utility for team medical personnel. 相似文献
974.
975.
Massimiliano Ditroilo Rory O’Sullivan Brian Harnan Aislinn Crossey Beth Gillmor William Dardis 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(17):2002-2008
This study examined trunk muscle activation, balance and proprioception while squatting with a water-filled training tube (WT) and a traditional barbell (BB), with either closed (CE) or open eyes (OE). Eighteen male elite Gaelic footballers performed an isometric squat under the following conditions: BB-OE, BB-CE, WT-OE and WT-CE. The activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO) and multifidus (MF) was measured using electromyography, along with sway of the centre of pressure (CoP) using a force platform. Only the EO and the MF muscles exhibited an increased activity with WT (p < 0.01). In the medio-lateral direction both the velocity and range of the CoP increased significantly with WT (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the range of the CoP for the WT-CE condition was significantly lower than WT-OE (p < 0.05, d = 0.44), whilst the velocity of the CoP was marginally reduced (d = 0.29). WT elicited a greater level core muscle activation and created a greater challenge to postural stability when compared to a BB. It appears that WT does not benefit from vision but emphasises the somatosensory control of balance. The use of WT may be beneficial in those sports requiring development of somatosensory/proprioceptive contribution to balance control. 相似文献
976.
O. A. Antoshkova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(5):253-256
The activities of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the
centre of maintenance and usage promotion of the Russian standards for the Universal Decimal Classification tables, are described. 相似文献
977.
Shernavaz Vakil Evonn Welton Barbara O’Connor Lynn S. Kline 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2009,36(4):321-326
The impact of the emphasis on inclusion in special education has resulted in a higher frequency of young children with autism
being included in early childhood programs with typically developing peers. Many early childhood educators have risen to face
the challenge, and this has resulted in enhanced learning for young children with autism in the regular classroom. This article
focuses on the multiple roles of early childhood educators as they work with the diverse needs of young children with autism
in their classrooms. 相似文献
978.
Carl K. Winter Angela M. Fraser Jeanne B. Gleason Susan K. Hovey Sandra M. McCurdy O. Sue Snider 《Journal of Food Science Education》2009,8(3):62-67
ABSTRACT: Musical parodies of contemporary songs with their lyrics altered to address current food safety issues were incorporated into a variety of food safety educational programs and the effectiveness of the music was evaluated by semiquantitative and qualitative measures. Audiences receiving the music-enriched curricula included school foodservice supervisors, school foodservice managers, culinary arts instructors, culinary arts students, Family and Consumer Sciences teachers, and youth aged 8 to 12 y and studies were conducted in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Delaware. Among school foodservice supervisors, school foodservice managers, and culinary arts students, most participants were able to recall the main points of each song that was introduced in the curriculum. The culinary arts students were less likely to recall the main points of each song than were the other 2 groups, possibly because of the lack of prior knowledge of food safety practices as well as a lack of preference for the style of songs used. Family and Consumer Sciences teachers were enthusiastic about the use of the music but also identified potential barriers to the successful use of the music, due to the potential lack of appropriate audiovisual equipment, a lack of skills in using such equipment, and time constraints for the use of music in curricula due to the strong emphasis on end of year testing. Participants in the summer youth groups demonstrated significant increases between pre- and posttest examinations of safe food handling behaviors and most were able to quote lines or phrases from the songs. 相似文献
979.
Emily O. Gravett 《College Teaching》2018,66(2):75-83
The benefits of in-class discussion, a form of active learning, are well-documented; in particular, discussions allow students the opportunity to learn from their peers. Yet students often treat discussions as ‘down’ or ‘free’ time. If students are not taking notes during discussion and reviewing those notes later on, they may not be learning much from this activity, despite their professed understanding of its value. This article reviews the benefits of discussion and the important functions of note-taking before introducing an online weekly reflection assignment that was designed to motivate students to take notes during discussion, particularly on their peers' contributions. An analysis of past weekly reflection text and survey data from students confirms the utility of the assignment. Intended and unintended benefits of the weekly reflection assignment are shared, as well as its limitations. The conclusion offers suggestions for future areas of research to complement this study. 相似文献
980.
LGBTQ issues are often marginalized in teacher preparation programs. This marginalization perpetuates heternormative practices in schools. Utilizing the lens of narrative inquiry, this study examined the lives of 10 LGBTQ teachers residing in various geographical regions in the United States. Based on the theoretical framework of Queer Theory, this paper examines discursive powers that marginalize LGBTQ teachers and offers recommendations to eliminate repressive, heteronormative practices in teacher educator preparation programs. 相似文献