The Concept of Inclusive Education: Teacher Training and Acquisition of English Language in the Hearing Impaired

Three languages are widely used in schools in Kenya – English, Kiswahili and Kenya Sign Language. Many pupils with hearing impairments are taught separately from the mainstream, in specialist settings. The fact that most of the formal teaching, assessment and examination processes in Kenyan schools rely upon spoken and written English compounds the separation of these pupils from the mainstream of education and, potentially, from the mainstream of society. In this article, Gertrude Wamae, graduate assistant in the Department of English and Linguistics at Kenyatta University, and Rachael Kang'ethe-Kamau, lecturer in the Department of Special Education at Kenyatta University, discuss the relationships between language, hearing impairment and inclusion in the Kenyan context. The article suggests that the use of signed exact English would enhance opportunities for inclusion for those with hearing impairments and that programmes of teacher training need to take account of persuasive research in this area. The article closes with a plea for further research, carried out collaboratively by educationalists, linguists, teacher trainers and practitioners, to develop policies and practices suited to more inclusive futures. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Conference on Inclusive Education run by Maseno University in September 2002.     

International Early Childhood Resources from Educational Research Abstracts (ERA)

The aim was to examine cross-cultural variation in linguistic responsiveness to young children in 10 English-speaking mother–child dyads and 10 Italian-speaking mother– child dyads. All 20 children were late talkers who possessed delays in expressive vocabulary development but age-appropriate cognitive and receptive language skills. Dyads were filmed in 15 minute free play contexts, which were transcribed and coded for measures of maternal linguistic input (e.g. rate, MLU, labels, expansions) and child language productivity (e.g. utterances, different words used). The results revealed that the Italian mothers used more utterances, spoke more quickly and used a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian mothers. The Italian children mirrored their mothers and also used more utterances and a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian children. Mothers in both groups used similar percentages of responsive labels and expansions. However, Italian mothers responded to fewer of their children's vocalisations, using a smaller percentage of imitations and interpretations than the Canadian mothers. Correlations between maternal input and children's language productivity revealed that contingent language measures (e.g. imitations, interpretations, expansions) were related to high levels of productivity in children in both cultural groups. The results support the use of language interventions based on increasing maternal responsiveness for these children at the one-word stage of language development. They also point to differences that may be culturally based. For example, Italian mothers use faster rates of interaction and appear to have higher expectations for their children's verbal participation in interaction. This is reflected in higher rates of language production from their children, even though children in both cultural groups have similar vocabulary sizes.     

普通高校高水平跳远运动员训练的方法学问题

依据现代跳技术的主要特点与发展趋势，结合大学生跳远运动员绝对速度水平相对较低，助跑准确性与稳定性不高的实际情况，对普通高校高水平跳远运动员训练的方法学中的训练指导思想、训练状态目标、训练系统调控方法，一般训练与专项训练的关系、专项素质和专项技术特征及其训练手段等六个主要问题做了尝试性的探讨。     

管理出奇迹--学习《星光为何这般灿烂?》一文的启示

因学习《星光为何这般灿烂？》一的启发，深入研究中国乒乓球队科学管理的经验，提出以为本、系统理念、乒乓化、创新出效、竞争求胜等规律。     

高校乒乓球教学中专项意识的培养

乒乓球的专项意识不是自发产生的 ,它是在大量的练习和比赛中获得的。学生在练习中不受正确的意识指导 ,就会受错误的意识支配。教师在教学中应注重对学生进行乒乓球专项意识的培养 ,加速运动技能的形成。     

浅谈发行体育彩票产生的双重效应

运用献资料的方法从正、负两方面探讨了我国发行体育彩票产生的效应。体育彩票的发行为我国体育事业带来了活力，但同时在发展过程中也带来了负效应。应该以利除弊，以保障体育彩票产业的健康发展。     

竞走运动员运动训练计划管理系统的设计与开发

在问卷调查、专家访谈及对竞走运动训练系统分析的基础上，按照软件工程的要求，设计并开发了竞走运动训练计划管理系统。系统综合集成了预测、评价、规划、统计、决策模型和竞走运动员各种竞技能力模型，实现了信息处理的科学化、自动化和运动训练人机一体化，从而为竞走运动训练计划的科学化管理和实施提供了强有力的决策支持。     

足球竞赛规则演变浅析

足球规则的产生可追溯到我国古代，其产生和发展对现代足球有着重要影响。本文通过对现代足球规则演变的分析，揭示足球竞赛规则修改、补充的内涵及其对足球运动发展所起到的推动作用。     

近代竞技运动发轫于英国的背景解读

产业革命以后 ,随着机械在产业方面所占的比重急剧上升 ,有关人们身体的运动 ,在英国大众的生活中成了基本的要求。本文从英国民族心理特性、产业社会生活方式、政治制度和自然条件等角度 ,探索了奠定英国近代竞技运动发轫的历史轨迹