公路排水设计浅析

公路排水设计对于公路路基的稳定性及路面的使用寿命都有显著影响，本文通过结合笔者在一些公路设计中的实际情况进行总结，以便更好地为公路建设服务。     

Comprehension of humor in children with nonverbal learning disabilities,reading disabilities,and without learning disabilities

The normal development of humor in children has been well documented with a predictable course that is tied to social, cognitive, and linguistic development in children. This study explored humor comprehension in children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD). Children with NVLD were compared with children with reading disabilities and a comparison group of children with no learning disabilities to assess their comprehension of humor. The humor test was composed of a joke and cartoon section. No group differences in humor comprehension were found when the NVLD group was defined as having visual–spatial and visual reasoning deficits. However, when the NVLD group was divided into children with and without social perceptual difficulties as defined by a direct measure of social comprehension, significant group differences were found in the levels of humor comprehension. These results support the association of humor comprehension with social perception and lend tentative support to the hypothesis that children with NVLD may not be a homogenous group. Future study directions include further exploration into the nature of the association between humor comprehension and social perception as well as closer examination of the heterogeneity of NVLD.     

Differences in fatigability between the sexes during a sustained submaximal contraction protocol in prepubertal children

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the fatigability of plantar flexor muscles during sustained submaximal contractions in prepubertal boys and girls. Fifteen boys (age 10.0 +/- 1.0 years) and 15 girls (age 9.8 +/- 0.9 years) participated in the study. The fatigue protocol consisted of a 10 min isometric plantar flexion at 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Immediately after this, five maximal isometric contractions were performed with a 3 min interval between contractions. During the experiment, electromyograms of the agonist muscles soleus and medial gastrocnemius and antagonist tibialis anterior were recorded. We observed no differences between the sexes (P < 0.05) in the decrease in torque or in the recovery rate after the fatigue protocol. Nor were there any differences between the sexes (P < 0.05) in agonist or antagonist muscle activation during the fatigue protocol and recovery period. The results indicate that there are no differences in fatigability between prepubertal boys and girls during submaximal sustained contractions, probably because the agonist and antagonist muscles were activated similarly in both sexes.     

Proximity-to-goal as a constraint on patterns of behaviour in attacker-defender dyads in team games

The aim of this study was to determine whether spatiotemporal interactions between footballers and the ball in 1 vs. 1 sub-phases are influenced by their proximity to the goal area. Twelve participants (age 15.3 ± 0.5 years) performed as attackers and defenders in 1 vs. 1 dyads across three field positions: (a) attacking the goal, (b) in midfield, and (c) advancing away from the goal area. In each position, the dribbler was required to move beyond an immediate defender with the ball towards the opposition goal. Interactions of attacker-defender dyads were filmed with player and ball displacement trajectories digitized using manual tracking software. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences in mean defender-to-ball distance after this value had stabilized. Maximum attacker-to-ball distance was also compared as a function of proximity-to-goal. Significant differences were observed for defender-to-ball distance between locations (a) and (c) at the moment when the defender-to-ball distance had stabilized (a: 1.69 ± 0.64 m; c: 1.15 ± 0.59 m; P < 0.05). Findings indicate that proximity-to-goal influenced the performance of players, particularly when attacking or advancing away from goal areas, providing implications for training design in football. In this study, the task constraints of football revealed subtly different player interactions than observed in previous studies of dyadic systems in basketball and rugby union.     

Changes in bone alkaline phosphatase and procollagen type-1 C-peptide after static and dynamic exercises

We investigated the effects of two types of nonweight-bearing exercise on changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type 1 C-peptide (PIP). BAP is a specific marker of bone synthesis, whereas P1P reflects synthesis of type 1 collagen in other organs as well as bone. Eight participants performed static and dynamic unilateral knee extensions. BAP and PIP were measured before, and at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exercise. PIP increased at 24 hr after a static knee extension exercise, whereas BAP did not change during the experimental period. We found no changes in these markers after dynamic exercise. These results imply that type I collagen synthesis in tendons increases after static exercise.     

素历

指一个人自身的素质训练经历。素历的好坏体现在情绪、心态、潜意识当中,是在竞争环境中决定胜负的关键因素。最早提出素历这一概念的人是张逶。他认为素历与学历不同,学历是指一个人     

C语言程序设计课程中的计算思维探析

计算思维的本质是抽象和自动化。对于C语言程序来说,抽象就是使用程序、函数、函数调用以及数据类型、常量、变量、数组和链表等元素描述现实生活中的系统、功能、功能调用以及单个特征或特征组合等,自动化则体现为函数内部的语句在EIP寄存器加法操作支持下顺序自动地执行以及函数之间的调用在内存堆栈区支持下自动地进行跳转。最后,针对计算思维的抽象和自动化特征,给出了C语言程序设计课程在教学内容、教学方式和考核内容上的一些建议和措施。     

Reproducibility of the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and run time to exhaustion during short-distance running

The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the associated exercise time to exhaustion during short-distance running. Fifteen well-trained males (mean +/- s: VO2max = 58.0+/-4.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) performed the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit test at an exercise intensity equivalent to 125% VO2max. The test was repeated at the same time of day on three occasions within 3 weeks. There was no significant systematic bias between trials for either maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (man +/- s: trial 1 = 69.0+/-13.1; trial 2 = 71.4+/-12.5; trial 3 = 70.4+/-15.0 ml O2 Eq x kg(-1); ANOVA, F = 0.70, PP= 0.51) or exercise time to exhaustion (trial 1 = 194 + 31.1; trial 2 = 198 + 33.2; trial 3 = 201 + 36.8 s; F= 1.49, P = 0.24). In addition, other traditional measures of reliability were also favourable. These included intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.87, and sample coefficients of variation of 6.8% and 5.0%, for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. However, the '95% limits of agreement' were 0+/-15.1 ml O2 Eq (1.01 multiply/divide 1.26 as a ratio) and 0+/-33.5 s (1.0 multiply/divide 1.18 as a ratio) for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. We estimate that the sample sizes required to detect a 10% change in exercise time to exhaustion and maximum accumulated oxygen deficit after a repeated measures experiment are 10 and 20 respectively. Unlike the results of previous maximum accumulated oxygen deficit studies, we conclude that it is not a reliable measure.     

ADA-based accommodations in higher education: a survey of clinicians about documentation requirements and diagnostic standards

The expansion of the number of students requesting accommodations in postsecondary settings compels clinicians to become knowledgeable about the legal definitions and documentation requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Because the law is relatively new, courts and regulatory agencies have only recently begun to clarify what constitutes a disability. In this study, 147 clinicians completed a questionnaire developed to assess their understanding of the law and the diagnostic approaches they used to justify claims of learning disability (LD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and psychiatric disability. Whereas the clinicians agreed on certain points (e.g., the right of institutions to formulate specific policies regarding documentation), they substantially disagreed on several fundamental issues. Clinician consensus was lowest on items that asked about the basic intent of the law, the metrics for assessing impairment, and the criteria for assessing ADHD in adulthood. Judged against the legislative history of the ADA and the body of regulatory rulings and legal decisions, many clinicians' responses showed a need for clarification regarding the distinction between special education law and the antidiscrimination intent of the ADA. The respondents also expressed a nearly uniform wish for more training in this fast-growing area of clinical practice.     

明星脸对对碰

所谓人有相似,即使是那些标榜个性、独特的明星们也不例外。虽然他们总是通过化妆、服饰造型来凸现自己的与众不同,但是如果我们稍加留意,也不难找出明星们的相似之处。经典的如林青霞、陈慧琳与张柏芝,张国荣、郭晋安与陈志鹏,张智霖、林文龙与陈锦鸿……这里我们就不再多说,单挑一些新面孔,看看能不能碰上你的心中所想!