全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8559篇 |
免费 | 98篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 5845篇 |
科学研究 | 1113篇 |
各国文化 | 50篇 |
体育 | 610篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
文化理论 | 53篇 |
信息传播 | 991篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 132篇 |
2019年 | 180篇 |
2018年 | 299篇 |
2017年 | 274篇 |
2016年 | 269篇 |
2015年 | 160篇 |
2014年 | 270篇 |
2013年 | 1395篇 |
2012年 | 205篇 |
2011年 | 237篇 |
2010年 | 203篇 |
2009年 | 182篇 |
2008年 | 224篇 |
2007年 | 188篇 |
2006年 | 169篇 |
2005年 | 153篇 |
2004年 | 176篇 |
2003年 | 126篇 |
2002年 | 133篇 |
2001年 | 195篇 |
2000年 | 201篇 |
1999年 | 180篇 |
1998年 | 94篇 |
1997年 | 128篇 |
1996年 | 106篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 96篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 166篇 |
1991年 | 125篇 |
1990年 | 117篇 |
1989年 | 145篇 |
1988年 | 127篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 107篇 |
1985年 | 108篇 |
1984年 | 79篇 |
1983年 | 92篇 |
1982年 | 60篇 |
1981年 | 72篇 |
1980年 | 61篇 |
1979年 | 103篇 |
1978年 | 66篇 |
1977年 | 63篇 |
1976年 | 55篇 |
1975年 | 50篇 |
1974年 | 60篇 |
1973年 | 56篇 |
排序方式: 共有8665条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
JIŘI LAŽANSKÝ VLADIMÍR MAŘÍK OLGA ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1992,17(2):143-149
Both the origin and development of artificial intelligence (AI) are connected with the origin and development of computers. Computers play a very important role in engineering education. AI influences such disciplines like CAD, CASE, CAE, and others. The specific experience concerning AI education at a technical university has been gathered in this paper. There is stressed need of good balance between theoretical background and individual training with computers as well as importance of personal experience in solving practical AI. 相似文献
142.
Meta-analysis was used to review the results of 25 studies that compared the classroom behavior of children and adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) to children without learning disabilities. The data were analyzed from several different methodological perspectives. Results showed that both methodologically strong and weak studies demonstrated significant behavioral deficits of children with learning disabilities compared to their nondisabled peers in each of five overall areas: on-task behavior, off-task behavior, conduct disorders, distractibility, and shy/withdrawn behavior. Both observational and teacher rating data demonstrated these differences. Effect sizes for both groups of studies seemed to cluster around 1 standard deviation, suggesting noticeable and educationally significant impairment in the behavior of children with disabilities. Analysis of grade-level effect sizes suggests some explanation for the large number of referrals often witnessed during the elementary school years. Educational implications of these behavioral differences in terms of implications for mainstreaming are discussed. 相似文献
143.
The science achievement of 226 5th graders from districts that have a kit-based inquiry science curriculum supported by intensive
professional development (PD) is compared with data from a group of 173 5th graders from other districts that use nonkit science
materials and do not have systematic science PD for teachers. Within the kit-based project, the sample of project teachers
is stratified to select teachers with a high number of science PD hours versus those with few hours. While there were no significant
differences in the mean total scores for kit-based students with low PD versus high PD teachers, the kit-based classrooms
scored significantly higher than students in nonkit classrooms on both the pretest and posttest, though there were significantly
more minutes of science instruction in the nonkit classrooms. Finally, nonkit teachers taught more units of shorter length
and reported lower levels of preparedness to use reform pedagogical approaches. 相似文献
144.
In 1981, the career structure in Dutch higher education was modified in such a way that performance criteria, particularly possession of a doctorate and research and publication activity, were required for promotion. In particular, the hierarchy of university posts below that of full professor was modified in such a way that persons holding so‐called WHM(senior scientific staff level) positions were required to reapply for the new UHD(associate professor) positions on a competitive basis which stressed the publication record of candidates. Using a sampling of academic women drawn from the natural sciences, the authors offer an explanation as to why women academics did less well than men in the competitions for these new posts. Although the process did not discriminate against women as such, it did not favour academics on the periphery of the profession, where many women at the time found themselves. The situation identified was the result of social factors more than of institutional discrimination. Presently, younger women ‐graduate students ‐ are rapidly moving from the periphery of the profession to the centre. Active involvement in professional networks will aid academic women in their careers; however, over‐involvement in family matters (the care network) may be harmful to the career progress of academic women. 相似文献
145.
Pigeons' keypecking was reinforced by food on baseline schedules of multiple variable interval (VI) x VI x and on contrast schedules of multiple VI x VI y. Deprivation of food was varied by maintaining subjects at 75%, 85%, and 95% (+/- 2%) of their free-feeding weights. Positive and negative behavioral contrast were observed. The size of the contrast was not systematically altered by changes in deprivation. Positive and negative contrast were both larger later in the session than they were earlier. Within-session decreases in responding were steeper for the baseline than for the contrast schedules for positive contrast. Within-session decreases were steeper for the contrast than for the baseline schedules for negative contrast. These results were predicted by the idea that different amounts of habituation to the reinforcer during the baseline and contrast schedules contribute to behavioral contrast. The results show that contrast occurs under conditions that reduce the effect of the following component. The results support the assumption that positive and negative contrast are produced by symmetrical theoretical variables. 相似文献
146.
147.
Developmental issues in cognitive mapping: the selection and utilization of environmental landmarks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2 studies were conducted to investigate developmental differences in the ability to select and use environmental landmarks for cognitively organizing distance information from a walk. In experiment 1, second-grade, fifth-grade, and college subjects viewed a simulated walk and selected scenes that were high in potential landmark value. In experiment 2, children from the same grade levels first viewed the walk and then ranked distances among either the test scenes most frequently selected by their peers or those selected most frequently by adults. Results indicated that (a) adults and children may not spontaneously select the same features as real-world landmarks; (b) children are less capable than adults in judging the value of potential landmarks as distance cues; and (c) the ability to use environmental landmarks as cues for distance information developmentally precedes the ability to assess this potential information value. 相似文献
148.
The role of vision was examined as infants prepared to grasp horizontally and vertically oriented rods. Hand orientation was measured prior to contact to determine if infants differentially oriented their hands relative to the object's orientation. Infants reached for rods under different lighting conditions. Three experiments are reported in which (1) sight of the hand was removed (N = 12), (2) sight of the object was removed near the end of the reach (N = 40, including 10 adults), and (3) sight of the object was removed prior to reach onset (N = 9). Infants differentially oriented their hand to a similar extent regardless of lighting condition and similar to control conditions in which they could see the rod and hand throughout the reach. In preparation for reaching, infants may use the current sight of the object's orientation, or the memory of it, to orient the hand for grasping; sight of the hand had no effect on hand orientation. 相似文献
149.
150.
Two accounts of how density of reinforcement affects steady-state performance on probabilistic schedules were compared: the real-time linear operator (RTLO) model and a temporal control model (in which response strength is determined by reinforcement probability as a function of postreinforcement time). In Experiment 1, the probability of reinforcement repeatedly cycled between extinction and a random-ratio 10 schedule. Response-rate gain and phase did not change with period of the cycle as predicted by the RTLO model, nor did either model predict the differences in response rate following reinforcement at different points in the cycle. In Experiment 2, the probability of reinforcement was elevated immediately following a reinforcement but fell after a few seconds. Previous reinforcements had no effect upon responding. An extension of the temporal control model, the cumulative impulse model, allowed for the summing of response strength over successive reinforcements and was consistent with the data of both experiments. 相似文献