THE CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF STANDARDIZED ACHIEVEMENT TESTS BY CONTENT AREA USING TEACHERS' RATINGS AS CRITERIA

To assess the concurrent validity of standardized achievement tests using teachers' ratings (and rankings) of pupils' academic achievement as criteria, 42 teachers evaluated each of their students (n = 1,032) in each of five major curricular areas prior to the administration of a battery of standardized achievement tests. The teachers were directed to rate each student's proficiency disregarding attendance, attitude, deportment, and so on. Within-class correlation coefficients were computed to eliminate rater leniency bias. The standardized achievement tests were found to have substantial concurrent validity in reading, math, language arts, science, and social studies. The normalized teacher ranks yielded significantly higher validity coefficients than did the ratings, although the magnitude of the difference was small. The concurrent validity coefficients for language arts, reading, and math were significantly higher than those in science and social studies.     

明江南的城市园林——以王世贞的散文为视角

在城市生活的动态关系中,文人的私家园林是个人的退隐之所,但同时也是角逐声望的展示对象。园林还是志同道合的士绅们的聚会之处。作为16世纪的文坛领袖之一,同时也作为江南著名的文人家族中的一个成员,王世贞既是一个园林的鉴赏家,也是阐述园林在社会和文化生活中的正确地位的代言人。     

Summarizing Reflections

The proceedings of the UNESCO-CEPES Jubilee International Conference, 6-8 September 2002, are summarized by its rapporteur, who begins by commenting that many questions were answered but that few definitive answers could be given. The questions and discussions, in fact, centered on two fundamental questions: "How can international cohesion be achieved without also reducing diversity?", and "How can collateral damage to local higher education systems be avoided?", and elicited responses from a representative sampling of protagonists and stakeholders. The answers--for the short term--that were provided reveal the dynamic nature of higher education and prove that it is a "highly productive ecosystem".     

Clinical Supervision of Community College Counselors: Current and Preferred Practices

A survey of community college counselors was conducted to determine current and preferred supervision practices. Results indicated that although most respondents want clinical supervision, few receive it.