Enhancing the Effects of Modeling Through Role-Play Practice

The effects of yoking role-play practice to modeling treatments designed to teach the rudimentary counseling skill of reflection of feeling were investigated. Twenty-eight novice counselors-in-training were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment conditions: written model, videotape model, written model plus role-play practice, and videotape model plus role-play practice. Effectiveness was measured by ratings of students' oral responses to 16 videotaped client vignettes. The multivariate analyses revealed that although there were no significant differences between the two modeling conditions without role-play practice, there were significant differences between students who received an opportunity to role-play practice and those who did not. From the results of the analyses, it was concluded that role-play practice significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the written model but not the video model. These results are discussed in terms of counselor skills training.     

Sex and Order of Counseling Effects on Paired Role-Play Practice

In this study the effects of order of counseling and sex within counseling pairs were analyzed. A total of 51 graduate students, 35 women and 16 men, from introductory counseling classes were randomly assigned, according to their sex, to two levels of sex pairing and ordinal position. Multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance indicated that same sex or opposite sex pairing and ordinal position did not influence performances. Women, however, produced more reflection-of-feeling responses, and their responses tended to be more accurate than those of men. Also, women in ordinal Position 2 who had male partners in Position 1 outperformed women paired with women in Position 1. Results are discussed in reference to literature on modeling, sex differences, and role-play practice.     

APGA Members' Ethical Discriminatory Ability

APGA members' ethical discriminatory ability was investigated to determine if it were related to certain demographic variables. A critical-incident questionnaire was sent to 1,238 APGA members, and 729 (58.9 percent) usable questionnaires were returned. Single-classification analysis of variance and Scheffé post hoc analysis were used to determine significance. Religious preferences, the amount of education, and the method of academic exposure to professional ethics were found to be related to ethical discriminatory ability.     

Teacher perspectives on integrating ICT into subject teaching: commitment,constraints, caution,and change

This paper examines how secondary teachers of the core subjects of English, mathematics, and science have begun to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) into mainstream classroom practice in English schools. It draws on an analysis of 18 focus‐group interviews with subject departments in these fields. Evident commitment to incorporating ICT was tempered by a cautious, critical approach, and by the influence of external constraints. Teacher accounts emphasized both the use of ICT to enhance and extend existing classroom practice, and change in terms of emerging forms of activity which complemented or modified practice. A gradual process of pedagogical evolution was apparent; teachers were developing and trialling new strategies specifically for mediating ICT‐supported learning. In particular, these overcame the potentially obstructive role of some forms of ICT by focusing pupils’ attention onto underlying learning objectives.     

Self-Instructional Modules: Comparison of Modeling and Feedback Media

This study addressed the effectiveness and efficiency issues in a self-instructional learning activity in counselor training. The study specifically examined three media (written, audio, and video) of model and of self-generated performance feedback presentation. There were no differences in trainee production of counselor tacting response leads because of media of model or media of performance feedback presentation. Results, however, did indicate that learning is significantly enhanced when a written performance feedback component is added to a written modeling component. The same did not hold true for audio and video presentations. The implications of these cost- and labor-efficient instructional packages are discussed.     

The Fakability of the Personality Orientation Inventory

Attempts to fake a good impression on the POI typically result in lower scores for subjects unknowledgeable in self-actualization, and in higher scores for knowledgable subjects. POI fakahility during counselor selection procedures was investigated through two test administrations with a group of 21 new graduate students in counseling. Subjects were not given self-actualization information. Scores under counselor selection fake-set procedures were significantly higher (p <. 05) on 4 of the 12 scales than scores obtained under standard testing instructions. The results imply new counseling students have sufficient information about self-actualization to dissimulate POI scores.     

Computer-Assisted Counseling: Problems and Prospects

Recent computer-assisted counseling systems have been designed to treat specific types of psychological problems for which clearly articulated treatment strategies are available. Examples of such systems are MORTON, a program designed to treat mild to moderate depression, and PLATO DCS, a program for the treatment of moderately difficult avoidance-avoidance dilemmas. PLATO DCS and MORTON might be valuable for training counselors in treatment strategies for dealing with dilemmas and depression. In addition, counselor trainees can respond to these systems as clients and can use them as consultants. Computerization of other counseling techniques might lead to significant theoretical advances because technique must be clearly and concisely articulated to make computer applications feasible. Possible limitations of computer-assisted counseling are discussed, including client and counselor acceptance of computers as therapists and the limited ability of the computer to understand natural language.     

Competency-Based Evaluation for Selecting a Counselor Educator

This article describes an approach to faculty selection in a competency-based human development counseling program, the development of which enabled candidates to demonstrate their actual level of mastery for a wide range of skills associated with professional effectiveness. Candidates invited to participate in this evaluation procedure were advised in advance of the following five areas in which they would be evaluated: counseling and psychotherapy, teaching, supervision, research methodology, and program development. Candidates prepared 30- to 60-minute presentations characteristic of their best efforts for each area of evaluation. Both faculty and students completed professional effectiveness scale ratings for each of the activities engaged in by job candidates. This article reports the successes and setbacks of this model and presents critical recommendations of persons who participated as job candidates and of those who participated in the candidate evaluation sessions.     

The Protestant Work Ethic,Disability, and the Rehabilitation Student

Fifty graduate students in rehabilitation counseling were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) using the original and a modified form of the Bowling Green University Survey of Work Values. Results indicated that the students were more likely to endorse those aspects of the PWE reflecting the intrinsic value of work than those dealing with earnings, social status, and advancement. In addition, the students were found to generally hold the same PWE orientation for themselves as they did for disabled persons.