On the Determination of Values: the case of F. R. Leavis

ABSTRACT F. R. Leavis argued that literary studies could provide an incomparable initiation into tradition and cultural continuity and a true liberal education by educating people intellectually, emotionally and morally. This paper examines Leavis's arguments regarding literary criticism's propensity to provide a test for life and values. It also examines the value system within which Leavis operates; and the relations postulated between literary studies, moral understanding and aesthetic experience. It is concluded that while Leavis's conception of literary studies is distinctive and valuable his argument is lacking philosophically and empirically, failing to provide adequate justification either for the supposed benefits of literary studies, or for charging the literary-educated with the duty of maintaining standards for society.     

An Evaluation Model for Accreditation

The traditional evaluation model used in accrediting professional-education programs is discussed and the field of psychology is used as an example. The evaluation model followed in the recently implemented accreditation mechanism for rehabilitation-counselor education (RCE) programs is also discussed. The evaluation model makes some significant departures from the traditional model. A survey-research approach is used to substitute in part for the traditional site visit, and more comprehensive program-evaluation data, going beyond the traditional reliance on faculty and students, are collected. Further, data on the competence of graduates are employed in the evaluation process. Possible implications of the RCE model are discussed as they relate to the currently evolving accreditation procedure for counselor-education programs, as well as the accreditation procedures in other professions.     

Counselor Clinical Training With Client-Actors

This article explores how beginning graduate counseling students can gain valuable in vivo counseling experience by working with actors who are trained to serve as clients.     

Exploring the reading–writing connection in Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong

Comparing the analyses based on the data of 1,235 Chinese children referred for government services and subsequently diagnosed as children with dyslexia in Hong Kong and those of 690 Chinese children in the sample for the normative study of the Hong Kong Test of Specific Learning Difficulties in Reading and Writing, we explored the reading–writing connection through a series of regression and correlation analyses. Specifically, orthographic knowledge, naming speed, and phonological memory were found to be salient predictors predicting both reading and writing, and when they were controlled and partialed out, the correlations between reading and writing were sizably attenuated, suggesting that these cognitive abilities or skills could act as third-variables contributing to the relationship between reading and writing. Issues related to causal inference, directionality of causality, and implications of the findings for intervention efforts and future research are discussed.