Solving Hitchcock''s transportation problem by a genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithms (GAs) employ the evolutionary process of Darwin's nature selection theory to find the solutions of optimization problems. In this paper, an implementation of genetic algorithm is put forward to solve a classical transportation problem, namely the Hitchcock's Transportation Problem (HTP), and the GA is improved to search for all optimal solutions and identify them automatically. The algorithm is coded with C and validated by numerical examples. The computational results show that the algorithm is efficient for solving the Hitchcock's transportation problem.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of herbicide resistance in creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass

Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cv. Regent and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis Tenuis Sibth. Fl. Oxen.) cv. Tiger. The embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404, which contains plasmid vector-pSBGM harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) coding region and matrix attachment region (MAR). After 3 days of co-cultivation, the calli were washed thoroughly and transferred to MS medium containing 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D, 12-15 mg/L phosphinothricin (PPT) and 250 mg/L of cefotaxime. After 2-3 months of selection, the actively growing calli of 'Regent' and 'Tiger' were transferred to MS medium with 12-15 mg/L PPT and 250 mg/L cefotaxime for regeneration. The putative transformants were maintained on MS medium with 3 mg/L PPT for long period but control died within 1 month. After establishing in greenhouse, the transformants also showed strong resistance to 0.4% of herbicide Basta but control plants died within 2 weeks. Under confocal microscope, both young leaves and roots showed significant GFP expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of a DNA fragment of GFP gene at the expected size (380 bp) in the transformants and its absence in a randomly selected control plant.     

A Dynamic Model of Career Choice Development

In modern society many hierarchical and time-related career development models have been proposed. Key to these models is the need to go through a career choice process in a specific order and according to a pre-set timing in order to achieve a good career decision. Recent theories lend support to some doubts about the extent to which these models are actually able to comply with reality. A new framework of thought is proposed a dynamic model for career choice development. At the centre of this model is the idea of arriving at a decision after a flexible and non-hierarchical development process. Some consideration is given to what is needed to test the model and on possible consequences for career guidance practice.

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Résumé. Un modèle dynamique du développement du choix professionnel.Dans la société moderne, de nombreux modèles hiérarchiques ont été proposés qui intégraient la dimension temporelle du développement de la vie professionnelle. Un élément clé de ces modèles est la nécessité de passer par un processus de choix vocationnel dans un ordre spécifique donné, qui obéit à de séquences temporelles déterminées afin qu’une bonne décision vocationnelle soit prise. Les théories récentes mettent quelque peu en doute la pertinence de ces modèles par rapport à la réalité. On propose ici un nouveau cadre de pensée un modèle dynamique pour le développement du choix vocationnel. Au centre de ce modèle il y a l’idée que l’on arrive à une décision après un processus de développement flexible et non-hiérarchisé. Quelques réflexions sont proposées sur ce qu’il est nécessaire de faire pour tester le modèle et sur les conséquences possibles pour la pratique en matière de conseils d’orientation vocationnelle.Zusammenfassung. Ein dynamisches Modell der Berufsentscheidungsvorbereitung.In der modernen Gesellschaft wurden viele hierarchische und auf Zeitabläufe bezogene Berufswahlmodelle vorgeschlagen. Kern dieser Modelle ist die Notwendigkeit, einen Berufswahlprozess in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge und nach einem bestimmten Zeitplan zu durchlaufen, um zu guten Berufswahlentscheidungen zu kommen. Aktuelle Theorien nähren allerdings die Zweifel daran, in welchem Ausmaß derartige Modelle der Realität entsprechen. Ein neuer gedanklicher Rahmen wird hier vorgeschlagen Ein dynamisches Berufswahl-Modell. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Modells steht die Idee, nach einem flexiblen und nicht-hierarchischen Entwicklungsprozess zu Berufswahlentscheidungen zu kommen. Es werden einige Überlegungen angestellt, unter welchen Voraussetzungen dieses Modell überprüft werden könnte, und was die möglichen Konsequenzen für die Beratungspraxis sein könnten.Resumen. Un Modelo Dinámico del Desarrollo de la Elección de Carrera.En la sociedad moderna se han propuesto muchos modelos del desarrollo de la carrera jerárquicos y basados en un orden temporal concreto. Lo que caracteriza a estos modelos es que el proceso de elección debe seguir un orden específico y una temporalización concreta para llegar a tomar decisiones adecuadas. Hay teorías recientes que vienen a apoyar algunos de los interrogantes sobre el grado en el que estos modelos realmente se ajustan a la realidad. Se propone un nuevo marco para la reflexión un modelo dinámico del desarrollo de la elección de la carrera. La idea central en este modelo es que se llega a tomar una decisión a través de un proceso de desarrollo flexible y no jerárquico. Se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre lo que se necesita para validar empíricamente el modelo y las posibles consecuencias para la práctica de la orientación para la carrera.

     

Quality incentive based congestion control for multimedia communication over IP networks

In this paper we introduce a framework for using quality as an incentive to promote proper application level congestion control. Through integrating a joint-source channel coder and feedback-based congestion control scheme, we are able to construct accurate and efficient quality incentives. The framework is applicable in all network architectures where end-to-end congestion control may be used, and is as such not specific to either best-effort or traffic class-based architectures. The concept is presented along with preliminary simulations that highlight the resulting rate control accuracy. We also discuss how to implement some well-known congestion control schemes within our framework.     

浅谈饶宗颐的文化历史观

从"多元文化历史观"和"时空兼顾的文化历史观"两方面来看"东洲鸿儒"、"国学大师"饶宗颐对中国文化的看法和主张,饶宗颐治学強调"三重证据法"即田野考古、文献记录和甲骨文三方面的资料,一方面用中国训诂学的方法去溯本追源,把语言文字学运用到文化史的研究中去,一方面从目录学上得到通观全局的眼力。这种"通儒"境界,造就了饶宗颐"博古通今,中西贯通"时空兼顾的文化历史观。饶宗颐的学术成果为以后的学者留下了重要的启示与宝贵的文化遗产。     

韩国政府大众体育促进政策展望与构想(英文)

随着人们参与体育活动需要的增加，政府的体育政策已成为政策的制订者，体育方面的专家和体育科研工作需全国以赴研究的重要议题。1993年，韩国政府开始实施名为“提升国民体育的5年总体计划”的体育政策，该文旨在通过回顾全民健身的措施来阐述全民健身政策的成就，引用了文化旅游部的报告和国家针对国民体育参与的调查。结果表明，从1993年到2002年两个5年总体计划实施期间，全民健康政策在全民健身的基础设施建设方面已经取得了成效。在体育设施的兴建，体育活动计划和比赛项目的发展，公益体育俱乐部的增加以及体育活动指导者和练习的大量出现方面效果显著，因为人们有规律地体育参与已经明显增加了。然而，文章指出，全民健身应从数量的增长转变到质量的提高上；公共体育设施应得到切实和有效的管理，地方政府在全民健身中的角色应加强并被赋予相应的权力；体育俱乐部要比以前更有活力；用好体育锻炼指导者要比大量培养他们得到更多的考虑；老年人、妇女和乡村居民参加体育锻炼的障碍应该通过出台合理的计划和调节城市和乡村的体育设施建设来消除。最后，文章强调，第三个5年总体计划（2003－2007）应把焦点集中在解决在前两个5年计划期间经常出现的失误上。     

Assessing the Barriers and Changes of Cross-Cultural Supervision: A Case Study

This article examines conflicts and communication problems that can occur in cross-cultural supervisory relationships when cultural issues are not addressed. Recommendations for cross-cultural supervision are discussed.     

Effects of PbO-B2O3-CuV2O6 glass on the microwave dielectric properties of （Pb0.5Ca0.5） （Fe0.5Nb0.5）O3 ceramics

The influences of the PbO-B2O3-CuV2O6 （PBC） additives on the microwave dielectric properties of （Pb0.5Ca0.5） （Fe0.5Nb0.5）O3 （PCFN） ceramics were investigated as a function of sintering temperature from 950 ℃ to 1 100 ℃. The sintering temperature of the specimens with the glass could be lowered from 1125 ℃ to 1 025℃ without the degradation of microwave dielectric properties. The microwave results showed that the dielectric constant cr was not significantly different while Qf values decreased with the increase of CuV206 content of PBC glass. For the specimens doped with PB-CV0.1 glass （81% PbO-9% B203-10% CuV2O6） and sintered at 1 025 ℃ for 3 h, the microwave dielectric properties of Qf=4 823 GHz, Cr=107.1 with TCF=＋15.03 ×10^-6/℃ were obtained.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机算法的小地锚抗拔承载力研究

目的：基于最小二乘支持向量机算法预测小地锚的抗拔承载力。方法：最小二乘支持向量机算法中的输入参数包括等效地锚直径,地锚埋置深度,平均顶椎阻力,平均椎套摩擦力以及安装工艺。使用现场试验的119组数据中的83组数据进行最小二乘支持向量机回归模型分析,并使用剩余的36组数据测试模型的拟合良好性;同时用敏感度分析研究每个输入参数的作用。结论：通过与人工神经网络模型的对比,发现最小二乘支持向量机的性能表现优异。