Serrated lithium fluoride nanofibers-woven interlayer enables uniform lithium deposition for lithium-metal batteries

The uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites has become the biggest obstacle to the practical application of Li-metal anodes in high-energy rechargeable Li batteries. Herein, a unique LiF interlayer woven by millimeter-level, single-crystal and serrated LiF nanofibers (NFs) was designed to enable dendrite-free and highly efficient Li-metal deposition. This high-conductivity LiF interlayer can increase the Li⁺ transference number and induce the formation of ‘LiF–NFs-rich’ solid–electrolyte interface (SEI). In the ‘LiF–NFs-rich’ SEI, the ultra-long LiF nanofibers provide a continuously interfacial Li⁺ transport path. Moreover, the formed Li–LiF interface between Li-metal and SEI film renders low Li nucleation and high Li⁺ migration energy barriers, leading to uniform Li plating and stripping processes. As a result, steady charge–discharge in a Li//Li symmetrical cell for 1600 h under 4 mAh cm⁻² and 400 stable cycles under a high area capacity of 5.65 mAh cm⁻² in a high-loading Li//rGO–S cell at 17.9 mA cm⁻² could be achieved. The free-standing LiF–NFs interlayer exhibits superior advantages for commercial Li batteries and displays significant potential for expanding the applications in solid Li batteries.     

Magnetically encoded 3D mesostructure with high-order shape morphing and high-frequency actuation

Inspired by origami/kirigami, three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures assembled via a mechanics-guided approach, with reversible and maneuverable shape-morphing capabilities, have attracted great interest with regard to a broad range of applications. Despite intensive studies, the development of morphable 3D mesostructures with high-order (multi-degree-of-freedom) deformation and untethered high-frequency actuation remains challenging. This work introduces a scheme for a magnetically encoded transferable 3D mesostructure, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as the skeleton and discrete magnetic domains as actuation units, to address this challenge. The high-order deformation, including hierarchical, multidirectional and blending shape morphing, is realized by encoding 3D discrete magnetization profiles on the architecture through ultraviolet curing. Reconfigurable 3D mesostructures with a modest structural modulus (∼3 GPa) enable both high-frequency (∼55 Hz) and large-deformation (∼66.8%) actuation under an alternating magnetic field. Additionally, combined with the shape-retention and adhesion property of PET, these 3D mesostructures can be readily transferred and attached to many solid substrates. On this basis, diverse functional devices, including a switchable colour letter display, liquid mixer, sequential flashlight and biomimetic sliding robot, are demonstrated to offer new perspectives for robotics and microelectronics.     

Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries

Electrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries (PMBs). However, the common anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of ‘dead K’ and the corrosion of Al current collector, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here, we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the ‘dead K’ and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of PMBs. Particularly, even using low salt concentration (0.8 M) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes, the PMBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode (4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%. This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode surfaces. This cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.     

工程量清单计价对造价咨询机构业务的影响及对策

随着我国的入世和建筑业的逐步对外开放,按国际惯例进行工程量清单计价已成为造价咨询机构必须面对的问题。长期以来,我国实行的是以定额为主的计价模式,属于计划经济的范畴,已不能适应改革开放的需要。因此工程计价改革势在必行。工程造价咨询业是近几年发展起来的社会中介机构,为了加快建筑工程计价模式与国际接轨的步伐,必须建立以工程量清单为计价平台的工程计价模式。通过了解和分析工程量清单计价的计算规则、分部分项工程项目的划分,以及清单计价的特点和清单计价与定额计价的区别,才能立于不败之地。     

关于现代科研院所制度建设的思考

从1985年3月<中共中央关于科学技术体制改革的决定>颁布实施至今,我国的科研机构改革已经历了22个年头.改革为科研机构带来了广泛而深刻的变化,科研管理工作的效率、科研人员的积极性有了一定程度的提高.但在深层体制方面仍存在不少矛盾.为完善机制,提高运行效率,本文对以"职责明确、评价科学、开放有序、管理规范"为内涵的现代科研院所制度进行了论述.     

基于红色基因传承的高校爱国主义教育实践路径研究

红色基因融入高校爱国主义教育,为基于红色基因传承的高校爱国主义教育的发展奠定理论基础。基于红色基因传承的高校爱国主义教育的实践路径应该实现第一课堂和第二课堂协同发展,筑牢爱国主义教育主阵地、线上教育与线下教育有机结合,畅通爱国主义教育主渠道、教育主体与教育客体双向互动,强化爱国主义教育主战线等方面入手。运用多形式、多媒体和多渠道将红色基因融入高校爱国主义教育的全过程,使红色教育资源在爱国主义教育中发挥最大效用。     

Webquest在信息检索课教学中的应用

介绍Webquest的概念、特点和组成,并将其应用于信息检索课教学,同时指出信息检索课使用Webquest应注意的问题。     

我国大学CIE发展的思考——基于中美大学CIE的对比分析

本文选择美国大学商学院和图书情报专业排名前十五所大学和相应条件下的中国大学作为研究对象,以图表的形式,直接客观地对近几年来中美大学CIE的课程、师资及研究生培养方向设置等情况进行了比较,旨在找出两国在CIE方面的差异,从而提出了推动我国CIE事业发展应解决的几个主要问题。     

基于遗传算法的预测指标信息提取方法研究

建立预测模型时,选择合适的自变量集合很重要。指标太多会增加数据采集的工作量和问题分析的复杂性;盲目减少指标又会损失很多信息,容易产生错误的结论。因此需要找到一个合理的信息提取方法,在减少分析指标的同时,尽量减少原指标包含信息的损失。通过应用遗传算法技术,根据预测模型的预测正确率来选择指标,建立了基于遗传算法的预测模型指标的自动提取模型。实验应用表明,利用遗传算法提取预测模型的指标信息效果比较好,优于神经网络和决策树模型。     

Comsol仿真软件在“电磁兼容”课程实验中的应用

随着电子产品中的电磁兼容问题越来越受到关注,“电磁兼容”理论已成为电气技术人员必备的专业基础知识,也是测控专业的学生不可或缺的能力之一。针对“电磁兼容”理论中概念抽象、公式多、学生理解困难等问题,通过优化实验内容,采取基于问题需求牵引式、互动式的教学方式,将Comsol仿真软件引入学生的实验中去。以“飞机天线串扰电磁兼容仿真实验”设计为例,说明将仿真软件用于电磁兼容课程实验的全过程。结果表明,该实验方式从多角度综合考虑了电磁兼容性的问题,有利于培养学生的理论知识,以及分析问题、解决问题的能力。