对特种部队爆破训练的思考

爆破技术是分队作战中重要技能之一,且是一项高危课目;对其在军内外作战、训练中的应用进行了梳理、总结,分析了其存在不足,并提出了爆破技术未来发展的相应对策,为部队开展爆破技术训练提供参考.     

运动干预青少年体质健康的研究进展

青少年体质健康关乎国民整体健康与素质,关乎国家发展和未来.而现今,青少年体质健康下降是不容忽视的事实,而且有愈演愈烈之势,需要引起相关教育部门和家长的足够重视,加之运用科学合理有效的方法,才有可能在一定程度上提高我国青少年体质健康水平.本文运用文献资料法,从青少年体质健康存在的问题、增进青少年体质健康的方法与运动对青少年体质健康的干预三个方面进行阐述,重点论述科学运动干预青少年体质健康.从科学运动角度对青少年体质健康进行干预,为有效提高青少年体质健康水平,高效促进健康中国的国家战略研究提供依据与参考.     

CBA优秀内外球员攻防技术能力的比较研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法,对CBA后卫、前锋、中锋不同位置的国内外优秀球员攻防技术进行统计与分析,结果表明:1)外援后卫是典型的攻击后卫,具有超强的个人攻击能力,而国内后卫则多数为组织后卫,攻击能力相对弱;2)CBA外援前锋球员出色的身体素质和全面的攻守技术,是内外球员产生较大差距的主要因素,但从防守数据反应了国内前锋积极、认真的防守态度;3)外援中锋进攻范围大,中投与篮下强攻相结合,面对与背对球篮攻击相结合,攻击方式多.3个位置国内球员的攻守及对抗能力与外援相比存在较大差距.建议国内球员加强身体素质训练,提升克托莱指数,着重提高各位置的核心技术水平.     

Sand training: Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses to matched-intensity exercise

This study compared markers of muscle damage and inflammation elevated by a matched-intensity interval running session on soft sand and grass surfaces. In a counterbalanced, repeated-measures and crossover design, 10 well-trained female athletes completed 2 interval-based running sessions 1 week apart on either a grass or a sand surface. Exercise heart rate (HR) was fixed at 83–88% of HR maximum. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, post- and 24?h post-exercise, and analysed for myoglobin (Mb) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual ratings of exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded immediately post- and 24?h post-exercise. A significant time effect showed that Mb increased from pre- to post-exercise on grass (p?=?.008) but not on sand (p?=?.611). Furthermore, there was a greater relative increase in Mb on grass compared with that on sand (p?=?.026). No differences in CRP were reported between surfaces (p?>?.05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p > .05). These results suggest that in response to a matched-intensity exercise bout, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus.     

"三位一体"的中国《体育法》核心价值——一种规范分析的路径

中国《体育法》设三章分别规定"社会体育"学校体育"和"竞技体育"的具体内容,形成三元结构的体育类型.运用规范分析的方法,以法文本为分析对象,可以判断出它们所追求的核心价值南辕北辙:秩序是"社会体育"的核心价值;自由是"学校体育"的核心价值;公平是"竞技体育"的核心价值.《体育法》的终极追求是人的持久幸福,由此构筑出"三位一体"的核心价值体系.厘清《体育法》中不同体育类型的核心价值,对《体育法》修改具有启示意义.     

基于深度学习的SSD模型尾矿库自动提取

针对华北地区尾矿库自动提取问题,将基于深度学习的SSD目标检测模型应用于遥感图像尾矿库提取。首先标记华北地区2 000个样本,随机挑选1 500个作为训练样本,剩余样本作为测试样本,验证模型的检测精度。分析卷积层对应感受野与图像中尾矿库尺寸关系,发现原始SSD模型漏检误检大型尾矿库。改进SSD模型结构,提出增加额外卷积层的策略,提高对大型尾矿库目标的检测精度。实验表明,在置信度阈值为0.3时,改进的SSD模型相比原始模型,检测精确率提高10.0%,召回率提高14.4%,提高了大型尾矿库检测精度。验证了基于深度学习的SSD目标检测模型自动提取尾矿库的可行性以及改进算法的有效性。     

Microbial dark matter coming to light: challenges and opportunities

Microbes are the most abundant and diverse cellular life forms on Earth and colonize a wide range of environmental niches.However,more than 99％of bac-terial and...     

ChatGPT对科普场馆数字化转型的应用机遇和挑战

本研究聚焦于ChatGPT,加强科普场馆在数字化建设中对ChatGPT的整体认知,期待通过对此类新型人工智能技术的应用,为科普场馆开展数字化转型服务提供参考与借鉴。通过分析ChatGPT 的发展历程、技术特征、技术应用及应用方式,在ChatGPT系统实践的基础上,总结ChatGPT为科普场馆数字化转型带来的机遇,包括在科普场馆协助研究、数字展览、智能客服等方面的效率提升和赋能,同时探讨了ChatGPT带来的风险挑战,包括内容科学性、信息安全性、使用目的性、依赖性以及法律法规问题,并针对性地给出了相应对策。     

Employing teachers' ratings in selection of achievement tests in reading and mathematics with a behaviorally disturbed population

The usefulness of a particular standardized achievement test with a specific population may be determined largely on the basis of experience. Sixty-six behaviourally disturbed students were administered portions of a test battery including the Reading Recognition subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT), PIAT Reading Comprehension, the Reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test (SDRT); PIAT Mathematics, WRAT Arithmetic, Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test (SDMT), and KeyMath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test. Toward the end of the academic year, teachers estimated students' grade levels in reading and mathematics. Results indicated that, in mathematics, the SDMT and the PIAT predicted teachers' ratings equally well and better than the other tests; in reading, all tests predicted teachers' ratings equally well except for the PIAT Reading Comprehension, which performed less well than others. Explanations for these results are offered, together with suggestions for identifying achievement tests suitable to specific populations.