采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。     

Sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Controversial results reported in past research pertaining to the effectiveness of sport-based physical activity interventions on weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SportDiscus databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2015. Eighteen studies met following inclusion criteria: sport-based intervention studies; subjects aged 6–18 years; reported body weight; published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. The mean intervention duration was 17.72 weeks. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.52 (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.95, P = 0.021), using a random effects model. Moderator analyses results showed that the Q statistic for the sport type (individual sport or team sport, Qbetween (Q_b) = 14.52, df = 1, P = 0.001) and diet control (Qbetween (Q_b) = 8.85, df = 1, P = 0.001), explained the heterogeneity of ESs. Our study showed that there was a moderate overall effect of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight reduction. The team sport type (ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.66) and diet control group (ES = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.41) appeared to be more effective in reducing body weight.     

Kicking modality during erratic-dynamic and static condition effects the muscular co-activation of attacker

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different kicking modality, i.e., erratic-dynamic target (EDT) versus static target (ST) on the performance of the roundhouse kick in two groups of taekwondo athletes of different skill level. Three-dimensional analysis and surface electromyography (SEMG) analysis were performed on 12 (Group A: six sub-elite, Group B: six elite) athletes to investigate muscle co-activation pattern under two conditions, i.e., EDT versus ST. In the results, the muscle recruitment ratio of the agonistic muscles was higher for Group A, whereas Group B had higher recruitment ratio for antagonist muscles. Overall, the co-activation index (CI) of hip joints appeared higher in the extensors for Group A, whereas higher CI was observed in flexor muscles for Group B with comparatively higher CI during EDT condition than ST condition. Higher value of CI was observed in flexor muscles of the knee joints among Group A during EDT conditions, in contrast, higher CI in the extensor muscles was observed among Group B during ST conditions. In conclusion, the study confirmed that erratic-dynamic movements of target could change the movement coordination pattern to maintain the joint stability of participants.     

敢问全民健身的路在何方——关注弱势群体

弱势群体是全民健身必须严肃面对和认真研究的社会问题。全民健身应针对弱势群体的基本特征、状态结构及不同成因,把弱势群体纳入社会支持体系中,采用灵活的政策,采取相应的措施,实现真正意义上的“全民”健身。     

解读:"温县被命名为中国武术太极拳发源地"

文章通过梳理现传各式太极拳的传承沿革指出:太极拳吴式、李式源自杨式,杨式溯源至陈家沟陈长兴;郝式、孙式源自武式,武式溯源至赵堡镇陈清平和源于陈家沟的杨式.陈家沟和赵堡镇相邻,同属河南温县辖地.因此,太极拳发源于河南省焦作市温县.随后,凭籍早期太极拳文献说明了:把明代内家拳传人尊奉为始祖的宋之张三峰(丰)说成是太极拳的创始人,属于附会.被视为在张三峰(丰)与后世太极拳传系间,发挥承上启下作用的山右王宗岳,没有实际存在的依据.     

“玫瑰”花期为什么这样短——从人文社会学角度看中美优秀女足运动员的运动寿命

优秀运动员的培养过程是一个复杂的系统工程,其最终目的是使运动员尽可能早的达到竞技能力高峰期,并尽可能长的维持这个高峰期。运动寿命一直是人们关注的热点,本文选择人文社会学视角为切入点,通过对中美女足运动员的比较分析,来研究其对运动寿命的影响。     

A Volatile Public: The 2009 Whole Foods Boycott on Facebook

The 2009 “Boycott Whole Foods” campaign was born on Facebook in response to criticism by Whole Foods CEO John Mackey of the Obama administration's proposed health-care reforms. The boycott demonstrates volatile collective action through heterogeneous and heterarchic encounters, characterized by the formation of a collective across geographical distance, vibrant interaction across political distance, and temporary presence. These features suggest the possibility of further activism by the middle class on shared ethical issues, and of unintended yet forceful consequences of activism on social media. Despite widespread concern about group polarization in cyberspace, social media also offer a space in which enclaves encounter opponents and subject their ideas to scrutiny.     

论图书馆保护非物质文化遗产的职能

图书馆应确立保护非物质文化遗产的职能,并通过多种措施来参与这种文化遗产的保护工作,如宣传、发展文献保存与服务体系,提供活动场所与组织服务,参与研究与调查工作,等等。