替代性世界：学习环境新方向

教育领域一直以评价和采用交互创新技术为先驱,这些交互创新技术为教育技术专家探索计算机辅助的教学提供了实践的土壤＂。替代性世界＂（Alternative worlds）是完全实时的、高保真的、用户高度介入的学习环境。其特点是具有丰富的环境、丰富的接口、操作驱动和有效应用于教与学＂。替代性世界＂在混合式学习中可以冲破传统教育屏障,拓展教师和学习者角色,为学习者提供时间和空间的便利,实现终身学习＂。替代性世界＂学习环境是一个新的研究领域,它为专注于人机交互、社会网络和虚拟现实的教育技术专家开拓了新方向和新空间。     

敢问全民健身的路在何方——关注弱势群体

弱势群体是全民健身必须严肃面对和认真研究的社会问题。全民健身应针对弱势群体的基本特征、状态结构及不同成因,把弱势群体纳入社会支持体系中,采用灵活的政策,采取相应的措施,实现真正意义上的“全民”健身。     

“玫瑰”花期为什么这样短——从人文社会学角度看中美优秀女足运动员的运动寿命

优秀运动员的培养过程是一个复杂的系统工程,其最终目的是使运动员尽可能早的达到竞技能力高峰期,并尽可能长的维持这个高峰期。运动寿命一直是人们关注的热点,本文选择人文社会学视角为切入点,通过对中美女足运动员的比较分析,来研究其对运动寿命的影响。     

解读:"温县被命名为中国武术太极拳发源地"

文章通过梳理现传各式太极拳的传承沿革指出:太极拳吴式、李式源自杨式,杨式溯源至陈家沟陈长兴;郝式、孙式源自武式,武式溯源至赵堡镇陈清平和源于陈家沟的杨式.陈家沟和赵堡镇相邻,同属河南温县辖地.因此,太极拳发源于河南省焦作市温县.随后,凭籍早期太极拳文献说明了:把明代内家拳传人尊奉为始祖的宋之张三峰(丰)说成是太极拳的创始人,属于附会.被视为在张三峰(丰)与后世太极拳传系间,发挥承上启下作用的山右王宗岳,没有实际存在的依据.     

“双一流”目标下一流大学科研效率评价

“双一流”建设是我国高等教育强国建设的战略安排,是我国高等教育发展的必由之路。“双一流”建设之一流大学建设高校,是高等教育强国建设的“领头雁”,研究一流大学建设高校科研创新效率,加快提升科学研究水平具有重大现实意义。本文以一流大学高校为研究对象,构建了突出科研产出质量和服务的综合效率评价指标体系,在传统DEA模型基础上运用随机前沿分析理论,通过三阶段DEA模型方法测度一流大学建设高校的科研效率,并进一步分析环境因素对科研效率的影响差异。研究结果表明：(1)环境变量和随机误差是影响一流大学科研效率的重要因素,我国一流大学整体科研效率存在虚高现象,剔除环境因素后样本高校综合效率和纯技术效率均值都明显下降。(2)地区经济水平、居民受教育程度和政府扶持力度对各个高校科研效率存在差异性影响,并据此将高校分为稳定型、发展型和改进型三类。(3)一流大学建设高校科研效率存在分化倾向,规模收益递减现象突出,其科研效率提升的关键是缩减规模、完善内部治理结构、优化资源配置,持续深化科研体系改革。     

Sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Controversial results reported in past research pertaining to the effectiveness of sport-based physical activity interventions on weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SportDiscus databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2015. Eighteen studies met following inclusion criteria: sport-based intervention studies; subjects aged 6–18 years; reported body weight; published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. The mean intervention duration was 17.72 weeks. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.52 (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.95, P = 0.021), using a random effects model. Moderator analyses results showed that the Q statistic for the sport type (individual sport or team sport, Qbetween (Q_b) = 14.52, df = 1, P = 0.001) and diet control (Qbetween (Q_b) = 8.85, df = 1, P = 0.001), explained the heterogeneity of ESs. Our study showed that there was a moderate overall effect of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight reduction. The team sport type (ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.66) and diet control group (ES = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.41) appeared to be more effective in reducing body weight.     

Kicking modality during erratic-dynamic and static condition effects the muscular co-activation of attacker

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different kicking modality, i.e., erratic-dynamic target (EDT) versus static target (ST) on the performance of the roundhouse kick in two groups of taekwondo athletes of different skill level. Three-dimensional analysis and surface electromyography (SEMG) analysis were performed on 12 (Group A: six sub-elite, Group B: six elite) athletes to investigate muscle co-activation pattern under two conditions, i.e., EDT versus ST. In the results, the muscle recruitment ratio of the agonistic muscles was higher for Group A, whereas Group B had higher recruitment ratio for antagonist muscles. Overall, the co-activation index (CI) of hip joints appeared higher in the extensors for Group A, whereas higher CI was observed in flexor muscles for Group B with comparatively higher CI during EDT condition than ST condition. Higher value of CI was observed in flexor muscles of the knee joints among Group A during EDT conditions, in contrast, higher CI in the extensor muscles was observed among Group B during ST conditions. In conclusion, the study confirmed that erratic-dynamic movements of target could change the movement coordination pattern to maintain the joint stability of participants.     

采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。     

沈家本的刑事审判法思想初探

作为清末法学大家,沈家本有着较为丰富的刑事审判法思想。他主张仿效西方,在我国构建专门的审判机关体系,设立陪审制度,废除法堂刑讯,并呼吁对审判官进行职业教育和严格选拔。沈家本的学术思想和修律实践有力地推动了中国刑事审判的近代化进程。