论网络教学的观念

本文梳理和分析了当前影响网络教学的几种观念,从现代教学理论的角度,对这些观念的理论背景或倾向进行评述,并在此基础上对网络教学发展的指导思想、网络教学观、模式和计算机网络在教学中的角色做了初步地反思和探讨.     

信息技术与课程整合存在的若干问题

信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展大趋势,随着以计算机为核心的信息技术不断发展及其在教育教学中日益广泛地应用,教育本身从目的、内容、形式、方法到组织最终都将发生根本性转变。信息技术与课程整合还处于初步探索阶段,在发展中仍然有许多问题存在。文章针对信息技术与课程整合存在的问题进行分析与讨论,并提出建议,以推动信息技术与课程整合的发展。     

非税收入规范化管理研究

非税收入是政府收入体系的一个有机组成部分。我国非税收入管理的突出问题是数额大,征收主体多元化,管理规范性差,带来严重负面效应。本文在分析上述问题形成原因的基础上,提出改革和规范我国非税收入管理的思路,即对非税收入的不同种类区别对待,分流归位,依法立项,建立和完善规范化征管体系,并以治本为目的实施财政、行政、法制、投融资等方面的配套改革,文中还就此提出了一系列具体措施建议。     

论九宫图与古代计算法的关系

九宫图既是一种组合计算，又是一种益智游戏。我国曾流传着丰富多采的算法，其中“九宫算”法已经失传，本在对各种算法研究的基础上，探讨“九宫算”具体算法的内容以及与其它算法的关系。     

档案袋评价在教育中的运用

在我们的生活与工作中，做记录并使之归档不是什么新鲜事，但要把档案记录作为一种教育评价方法却足近十几年的事。     

Sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Controversial results reported in past research pertaining to the effectiveness of sport-based physical activity interventions on weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SportDiscus databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2015. Eighteen studies met following inclusion criteria: sport-based intervention studies; subjects aged 6–18 years; reported body weight; published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. The mean intervention duration was 17.72 weeks. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.52 (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.95, P = 0.021), using a random effects model. Moderator analyses results showed that the Q statistic for the sport type (individual sport or team sport, Qbetween (Q_b) = 14.52, df = 1, P = 0.001) and diet control (Qbetween (Q_b) = 8.85, df = 1, P = 0.001), explained the heterogeneity of ESs. Our study showed that there was a moderate overall effect of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight reduction. The team sport type (ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.66) and diet control group (ES = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.41) appeared to be more effective in reducing body weight.     

采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。     

我国高等教育资源配置方式转换与制度环境

我国选择社会主义市场经济作为配置资源的基本经济制度 ,使影响高等教育资源配置转换的制度环境发生了质的改变。本文在分析框架中引入制度环境这一外生变量 ,重点探讨我国改革开放以来高等教育资源配置变化与制度环境的关联性 ,以及不同约束条件下高等教育资源配置方式变化的特点。讨论的要点为 :在原有计划配置的框架中不可能使资源再扩大 ;资源的增量主要是在市场环境中通过制度创新实现的。     

The Importance of Multiple Representations of Mathematical Problems: Evidence from Chinese Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Analysis of a Learning Goal

This article describes a study of how Chinese preservice teachers unpacked a learning goal pertaining to adding fractions and understanding the concepts underlying the operation. Based on work in the USA by Morris, Hiebert, and Spizter (Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 40(5), 491–529, 2009), 50 Chinese preservice teachers completed a task, anticipating an ideal student response, in the context of four representations: (1) fraction pieces, (2) graph paper, (3) common denominator algorithm, and (4) pennies. Like the US-based study, this study shows that Chinese preservice teachers’ ability to unpack a learning goal was highly influenced by how the problem was represented. The pennies and graph paper problems provided more supportive contexts for unpacking the learning goal; the algorithm problem provided the least supportive context. The main difference between the preservice teachers from these two countries was the US preservice teachers chose the pennies and graph paper problems as having the most potential for revealing students’ understanding of the learning goal; while the Chinese preservice teachers chose the algorithm problem despite the problem’s unsupportive context. Chinese preservice teachers’ preference suggests that they privileged algorithmic/symbolic representations over pictorial/concrete representations. Based on our results, we argue that it is time for cross-cultural comparative research to refocus on the common barriers, challenges, and benefits as related to mathematics teacher preparation and professional development. A cooperative instead of competitive orientation will lead to richer and deeper dialogues among mathematics educators.     

对幼儿园集体教学活动中教师提问的观察研究

幼儿教师在教学活动中的提问是关乎教学质量的关键环节，但目前幼儿园教师的提问存在数量多、质量低、幼儿应答机会分布不均匀、教师回应方式机械等诸多问题。要改变这种现状，幼儿园教师必须认真设计提问。注意提问的适宜性与适时性以及教师的回应方式。