EUROPEAN DISSERTATION SUMMARIES

To alleviate teachers’ reluctance toward practical work, there has been much discussion on teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, teaching materials, and failsafe strategies for practical work. Despite these efforts, practical work is still regarded as a challenging task for many elementary science teachers. To understand the complexity of teachers’ conflicts in practical work, this study examines teachers’ ideas about teaching and learning that influence teachers’ decision‐making and action on teaching practical work. More important than knowing technical–rational aspects of practical work is to understand the internal contradictions that teachers have to resolve within themselves regarding their capabilities and beliefs about science teaching and practical work. Using stories and experiences of 38 third‐year university students in a science method course in Korea, we seek to understand the conflicts and negotiations that they experience as they make decisions regarding practical work throughout their course. Reflective writings and group discussions on their lived experiences and concerns were used to probe participants’ ideas on teaching using practical work. From written and verbal data, themes were saturated in terms of the aspects which could (dis)encourage their practice. Results suggest that there are multifactorial challenges in pre‐service teachers’ understandings and concerns in practical work. Besides time, materials, and curriculum, pedagogical assumptions and values also compositely challenge the minds of teachers. As the pre‐service elementary teachers negotiated within themselves the importance of science in classroom and social levels, the question is raised about their identities as pre‐service elementary teachers to appreciate the balance between science teaching and practical work.     

农村留守儿童问题研究:现状与前瞻

近年来，农村留守儿童问题已逐渐成为媒体和学术界关注的焦点。然而，目前的研究无论理论上还是实践中均显不足。本文梳理了不同学科在这一问题上的研究成果，揭示尚待研究的问题域。     

论人的全面发展与健全人格教育

人格是一个人的无价宝，是任何代价都不能换取的。健全的人格，主要是后天铸就的。它是人的全面发展的基础，又是人的全面发展的重要表现。健全人格教育是当代大学生全面发展的金钥匙。     

浅析农村电网存在的问题及其改造

作为我国电力系统中极其重要的一个环节,农村电网运行质量的好坏将会直接对整个电力系统运行的安全性以及稳定性造成严重的影响,所以农村电网的正常运行有着非常重大的意义。部分地区的农村配电网有低电压的现象出现,这对于农村配电网供电的可靠性有很严重的危害,对供电的质量造成极其不利的影响。文中重点分析了农村电网低电压的特点,找出农村地区低电压问题出现的原因,提出了一些针对农村低电压问题的解决方案以及农村电网的改造方案。     

我国难美体育项目竞赛表演市场价值趋向分析

运用社会调查法，以体育观众为研究对象，对我国难关体育项目竞赛表演市场的价值趋向进行分析，结果表明该市场具有直观性、趣味性和艺术性特征．     

黄州城区中学学生对体质健康测试认知与态度的调查与研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等方法,对黄州城区部分中学学生的体质健康测试的认知及态度进行了调查与研究,结果表明:大部分学生参加体质健康测试的目的较明确,能够认识到自身健康的重要性,测试后愿意加强身体锻炼。但同时也存在一些问题,如部分学生对测试的成绩有一定的质疑,体质较差的学生对测试的抵触及耐力测试项目不受学生欢迎等,并提出了相应的对策。     

试论有效教学的生命特征

教学是学校的生命力和灵魂所在,有效教学又是教育工作者执着追求的目标,教学惟有充分体现生命的自由性、完整性、多样性、美丽性以及成长性等重要特征,才是真正意义上的有效教学。     

试论生物教科书中科学素养的评价

文章介绍了生物教科书与科学素养的关系,通过阐述和介绍以“科学素养”为目标对生物教科书进行评价的意义及国内外的研究成果,提出了我国生物教科书评价中急需解决的具体问题。     

浅论物理概念的分类及其教学策略

正确理解物理概念对于学生学习物理学科有着重要意义，科学而有效的物理教学方法应当重视学生心理活动的分析、解释与控制，并与学生的认知活动相符合。本文探讨了物理概念的分类及其特性，并从教育心理研究的角度提出物理概念教学的基本策略。     

阅读教学中培养学生自主学习能力的操作原则

目前大力倡导的自主学习能力不是学生天生固有的,而是教师引导培养的结果。要培养学生自主学习能力应遵循如下三条原则,即个体性原则、思维性原则、活动性原则。