Is DNA Alive? A Study of Conceptual Change Through Targeted Instruction

We are involved in a project to incorporate innovative assessments within a reform-based large-lecture biochemistry course for nonmajors. We not only assessed misconceptions but purposefully changed instruction throughout the semester to confront student ideas. Our research questions targeted student conceptions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) along with understanding in what ways classroom discussions/activities influence student conceptions. Data sources included pre-/post-assessments, semi-structured interviews, and student work on exams/assessments. We found that students held misconceptions about the chemical nature of DNA, with 63 % of students claiming that DNA is alive prior to instruction. The chemical nature of DNA is an important fundamental concept in science fields. We confronted this misconception throughout the semester collecting data from several instructional interventions. Case studies of individual students revealed how various instructional strategies/assessments allowed students to construct and demonstrate the scientifically accepted understanding of the chemical nature of DNA. However, the post-assessment exposed that 40 % of students still held misconceptions about DNA, indicating the persistent nature of this misconception. Implications for teaching and learning are discussed.     

关于在高校物理教学中渗透素质教育的思考

在高校物理教学中落实素质教育要注意培养学生观察思考的能力，开掘学生的想象能力．积极采用多种形式授课，并通过自我充电，不断提高教学水平。     

学龄前儿童全脑型体育教育的实验研究

依据全脑教育理论与方法 ,以课题组 30余个幼儿园的 10 0 0余名儿童为研究对象 ,进行了为期三年的实验研究。探讨确立“全脑型体育教育模式”对有效开发学龄前儿童运动和智力潜能的意义。实验结果表明 ,实验班 ,在左、右和双侧肢体的运动技能、智力、心理和学习效果以及运动技能与智力的相关性上 ,均比对照班明显好。表明均衡地发展双侧肢体运动技能 ,更好地开发学龄前儿童运动利智力潜能 ,培养“全脑型”人 ,是当前学龄前儿童体育教育改革的一项重要任务。本研究为改革传统的“左脑型体育教育模式” ,确立”全脑型体育教育模式”提供了科学实验依据。     

The ability of children to generalize selected science concepts

The study investigated the ability of primary and elementary school subjects to generalize two science concepts, Insect and Animal with and without instruction in the form of a mental set. It also examined the effects of age, IQ, and sex on the ability of the children to generalize these concepts. Two instruments measuring the ability to generalize the concepts Insect and Animal were developed. The results indicate that of the independent variables investigated, age and mental set significantly affected the ability to generalize the concepts Insect and Animal. It was found that the younger children's concepts were least developed and with age these concepts became more developed and more conceptual in nature. The ability to use information given in a mental set was found to be a function of age. The children in this study were more able to generalize the concept Insect than the concept Animal. The results suggest that children with age and instruction axe better able to master less general concepts than more geaeral ones. In addition, the study demonstrated that children are able to improve their learning of general concepts provided a great number and variety of instances and noninstances of the concept are used in the instruction. It was also found that the younger children were more perceptually bound than the older children. The younger children were unable to overcome the pull of perceptual attractiveness that the noninstances held for them despite instruction. The results suggest that teachers of such children should be aware of the conceptual level of the content being taught to such children to ensure appropriate and meaningful learning takes place.     

建设项目管理模式与中国建筑业的改革

本文探讨了中国建筑业的发展、改革及所遇到的问题。为了解决这些问题,深化中国建筑业的改革,需要变革建设项目的组织模式和建筑市场的项目采购方式。建设项目组织模式是成功进行项目管理的基石,也是业主和建设项目成功的关键因素。因为它确定了项目管理的总体框架、基本路径和项目的风险结构及项目各方的责任与义务。本文介绍了国际上流行的项目组织模式及其演变和发展;不同项目组织模式的特征及其相互联系;分析了项目采购方式在深化我国建筑市场改革和加速建筑业与国际接轨的作用和意义;提出了深化中国建筑业改革应采取的对策,以缓解加入WTO对我国建筑业的压力。     

In the context of multiple intelligences theory, intelligent data analysis of learning styles was based on rough set theory

The present study aims to identify the relationship between individuals' multiple intelligence areas and their learning styles with mathematical clarity using the concept of rough sets which is used in areas such as artificial intelligence, data reduction, discovery of dependencies, prediction of data significance, and generating decision (control) algorithms based on data sets. Therefore, first multiple intelligence areas and learning styles of 243 mathematics prospective teachers studying at a state university were identified using the “Multiple Intelligence Inventory for Educators” developed by Armstrong and the “Learning Styles Scale” developed by Kolb. Second, the data was appropriated for rough set analysis and we identified potential learning styles that a student can have based on the learning style s/he already has. Certainty degrees of the learning style sets were α_R(D) ≅ 0.717, α_R(C) ≅ 0.618, α_R(AS) ≅ 0.699, α_R(AC) ≅ 0.461, and these sets were found to be rough sets. Finally, decision rules were identified for multiple intelligences and learning styles.     

城市化进程中的社团组织发展

城市化进程离不开社团组织的发展。当前 ,我国正在进入一个城市化加速发展时期 ,迫切需要健康发展各类社团组织以担负市场之间、政府与社会之间的沟通与纽带工作。城市化进程既为各类社团组织的发展提供了有利的土壤 ,又对社团组织的健康发展提出了要求。中国既处在一个城市化加速发展的时期 ,同时又处于一个经济体制的转轨阶段 ,因此 ,如何促进承担城市化基础桥梁作用的社团组织的健康发展 ,具有非常重要的现实意义。本文旨在从城市化、社团组织的各自特点出发 ,分析城市化与社团组织的关系 ,并结合中国实际 ,提出针对城市化进程中社团组织…