"武科应试器械"考论

从体育文化角度对古代“武科”考试内容、应试器械等进行系统研究。结果显示:“武科”,又称“武举”,创立于唐武则天长安二年(702年),废于清末光绪二十七年(1901年8月29日),历经一千二百年。考试分外场(以长垛、马射、步射、刀术、枪术、翘关等体育项目为主)和内场(策论)。唐“武科”主要外场器械为弓箭,辅从刀、枪等。宋以弓箭刀枪为主同时将弩踏等作为考试项目。明代“武科”项目沿袭唐宋,外场器械未有变化。清代开始增加了“技勇”项目,分别为开硬弓、舞大刀、掇石。课题研究旨在为我国民族传统体育学的长足发展提供实质性的理论文献资料。     

A Peer‐tutoring Scheme to Support Independent Learning and Group Project Work in Mathematics

A peer‐tutoring scheme was introduced to an undergraduate mathematics module. This was to provide a learning support for an independent learning programme. These student support groups also functioned as task groups for group project work. In the independent learning programme, students were directed to read selected passages of text, to attempt certain exercises and to devise peer assessment tasks. For some of the sessions senior students were present and functioned as additional peer tutors. To assess the students’ attitudes to the peer‐supported independent learning programme, an Attitudes to Peer‐tutoring Questionnaire was constructed. The results show that the students readily accepted the need to work in groups and to support one another. Overall, 78% felt that they could work easily without pressure and that the sessions were not a complete waste of time. However, 65% of the students did not appear to enjoy the independent learning sessions and felt that they preferred to be responsible only for their own learning.     

Associations between trait personality,anxiety, self-efficacy and intentions to exercise by gender in high school physical education

Trait personality has been associated with achievement and many of its related outcomes in settings such as education, health, physical activity and sport. Scant trait personality research has been performed among school-age students in physical education, so this study investigates relations between the six-dimension (HEXACO) model of trait personality and anxiety, self-efficacy and intentions to exercise as a function of gender in 316 high school physical education students. Students completed validated measures of these constructs. Results revealed that trait personality (particularly the social self-esteem aspect of extraversion) predicted lower anxiety and higher self-efficacy and intentions to exercise in both females and males. Openness to experience was predictive of both anxiety and lowered self-efficacy in females. It appears that physical educators should consider the role of the HEXACO personality traits and sub-traits in their students and potentially differentiate instruction to better accommodate students who are more vulnerable. From this study, it appears that students who are less extraverted and females who are more open to experience may be at be more at risk for anxiety and lower self-efficacy in physical education which may compromise their intentions to exercise.     

PROTEUS IN A KALEIDOSCOPE: THE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIST IN OPEN UNIVERSITY COURSE PRODUCTION

The educational technologist's work in Open University course production is described in terms of its context and the potential roles and tasks that may be assumed. Although potential roles and tasks might be shared with other educational technologists, the Open University context of course production is singular to that institution and provides special problems. It is concluded that the educational technologist must continually construct and reconstruct his own role according to a number of sets of criteria.     

A modified TRIMP to quantify the in-season training load of team sport players

The aims of the study were to modify the training impulse (TRIMP) method of quantifying training load for use with intermittent team sports, and to examine the relationship between this modified TRIMP (TRIMP(MOD)) and changes in the physiological profile of team sport players during a competitive season. Eight male field hockey players, participating in the English Premier Division, took part in the study (mean+/-s: age 26+/-4 years, body mass 80.8+/-5.2 kg, stature 1.82+/-0.04 m). Participants performed three treadmill exercise tests at the start of the competitive season and mid-season: a submaximal test to establish the treadmill speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol . l(-1); a maximal incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([V]O(2max)) and peak running speed; and an all-out constant-load test to determine time to exhaustion. Heart rate was recorded during all training sessions and match-play, from which TRIMP(MOD) was calculated. Mean weekly TRIMP(MOD) was correlated with the change in [V]O(2max) and treadmill speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) from the start of to mid-season (P<0.05). The results suggest that TRIMP(MOD) is a means of quantifying training load in team sports and can be used to prescribe training for the maintenance or improvement of aerobic fitness during the competitive season.     

体育产业军民融合发展问题研究

在全民健身和军民融合两大国家战略交汇点上,同根同源而生的体育与军事理应深度融合、协同发展。本研究通过文献资料费、专家访谈法和实践调查法,梳理在体育管理获得、体育竞赛表演活动和体育教育培训等体育产业的军民融合发展情况,梳理在武器装备科研生产、军队人才培养和军队社会化保障等军民融合重点领域的体育产业发展情况,梳理国外体育产业与军民融合发展情况,总结提出我国当前体育产业的军民融合发展水平整体不高,但是存在很大上升空间,发展前景广阔、潜力巨大,我国体育产业军民融合发展急需顶层设计、中层协调、基层落实。     

Dangerous learning in edgy contexts: creativity and innovation in the South African arts domain

In this paper, we outline a pilot project aimed at exploring the role of contextual factors in the facilitation of creativity and innovation within a range of South African art forms. Interviews with 11 people who have rich experience of the South African art domain delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving lifelong creativity and its continuous realization in innovative outcomes within these art forms.