Conditioned avoidance responses survive contingency degradation in the garden slug,Lehmannia valentiana

Joint presentations of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) strengthen the contingency between them, whereas presentations of one stimulus without the other degrade this contingency. For example, the CS can be presented without the US either before conditioning (CS–no US and then CS–US; latent inhibition) or after conditioning (CS–US and then CS–no US; extinction). In vertebrate subjects and several invertebrate species, a time lapse usually results in a return of the conditioned response, or spontaneous recovery. However, in land mollusks, spontaneous recovery from extinction has only recently been reported, and response recovery after latent inhibition has not been reported. In two experiments, using conditioned aversion to a food odor as a measure of learning and memory retention, we observed contingency degradation via latent inhibition (Experiment 1) and extinction (Experiment 2) in the common garden slug, Lehmannia valentiana. In both situations, the contingency degradation procedure successfully attenuated conditioned responding, and delaying testing by several days resulted in recovery of the conditioned response. This suggests that the CS–US association survived the degradation manipulation and was retained over an interval of several days.     

New Approaches to Staff Recruitment in Higher Education

This paper describes briefly the academic tenure and its legislative terms in the UK, over the last twenty years. The author refers to the current wider situation/trends in the international higher education arena of two categories of academic staff – “established” staff (on permanent contract) and fixed‐term staff – and to how their levels of protection can have an impact on the overall health of the universities and their academic freedom.     

English in classrooms: only write down what you need to know: annotation for what?

The annotation of texts in the school English classroom is central to the curriculum, examination and the history of English as a school subject. In this paper we explore ‘the way it is done’ across two different classrooms. We focus on the relationship between official definitions of annotation offered by national policies and examination syllabuses and its actualization in particular classrooms. The article takes a multimodal approach: attending to all modes of representation and communication in the teaching of English including image, gesture, gaze and the spatial organization of the classroom.     

Device for on-the-water measurement of rowing output

All those who compete in the sport of rowing have used the land rowing machine, Ergometer (commonly called the ‘erg’), manufactured by Concept II (Morrisville, Vermont, USA). Ergon is the Greek word for work, hence the Ergometer measures work. Rowers are commonly ranked according to their ‘erg score.’ The fault in this ranking is that the land Ergometer cannot account for many of the important technical aspects associated with rowing on the water. The goals of this project were to (1) develop a system for on-the-water measurement of work during rowing and then (2) demonstrate the potential of such a system to quantify performance and improve rowing technique. To achieve these goals, force was measured using strain gauges glued to the shaft of the rowing oar and angular displacement was measured using a potentiometer. The force and displacement measurements were sent to a microcontroller, which calculated the total work done in a particular stroke, as well as other parameters, and displayed the values to the rower. The parameters were used to evaluate the performance of three collegiate rowers on the water. The data were also used to plot force profiles, which were reviewed with each rower and the coach to illustrate the rowers’ habits and facilitate improving technique. One rower was ‘tutored’ with the device through five on-the-water practices, after which his force profiles and parameter values demonstrated significant improvement. The device not only provided a standard to which all rowers were compared on the water, but also supplied the rowers with important information on technical aspects of their strokes and pacing themselves.     

梅花拳"文场与武场"考辨

通过民族史学、体育史学、体育理论等学科原理,结合文献资料、综合分析法等,对梅花拳“文场与武场”的体育文化内容、体育文化特征及两者辩证关系进行系统研究。结果显示:梅花拳由文场与武场组成,文场敬祖师,研究拳理,有文化典藉世代相传。它集佛、道、儒三家学说和周易之理为一体,修心养性,炼神炼气,称为文功。武场主要进行武功锻炼,传授拳理等。以“练形以合外,练气以实内,由外及内,再由内而达外,内外一体。精气神合一,自成金刚不坏之体”为练武目的,最后上升到文功。文场是该拳派的领导核心,文场领导武场,文场是武场的高级阶段。     

LCD控制器设计及uClinux移植

设计了一个用于液晶显示的LCD控制器,该控制器基于A1tera公司的SOPC系统,通过SOPC中的Avalon总线接口与NiosⅡ处理器和SDRAM控制器通信,完成对LCD的显示控制。并在该Nios Ⅱ系统上成功移植了uClinux。     

《光电子学中电磁场理论》研究生课程教学的思考

研究生课程教学是研究生培养的重要环节。搞好研究生专业基础课程建设,必须准确把握课程建设的目标和定位,合理设置研究生专业基础课程教学内容,并且注重在专业基础课程教学中培养研究生的创新思维和学术能力。     

中国杂技艺术中的体育文化解读

运用艺术史学、体育史学、考古学等学科原理,结合献资料,对中国杂技艺术中的体育化进行分析解读。结果显示：东西方两个明中心几乎同时开始了一个百家争鸣的时代,尽管各种身体活动的体育实践各不相同,但对于人体的速度、力量、健美、灵巧等基本身体素质的追求和赞美的理念,各民族几乎是共同的。古人在翻腾跳跃,窜蹦跌打的生存劳动技能中产生了“小武术”、“大武术”、“对手顶”,“走钢丝”、斗虎、耍狮子等活动形式,它们既是杂技也是体育项目。从古至今,中国杂技艺术与体育化共生共荣,和谐发展。