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131.
Primary physical education (PE) lessons tend to be taught by one, or a combination of, three different groups: generalist classroom teachers, specialist primary PE teachers and so-called adults other than teachers, who are almost exclusively sports coaches. Drawing upon data gathered from one-to-one interviews with 36 subject leaders (SLs), this study sought answers to two main questions: ‘Who delivers primary PE nowadays?’ and ‘What are the consequences?’ The findings revealed that the most common model for the delivery of PE involved responsibility being shared between the generalist class teacher and either a sports coach or specialist PE teacher. The SLs recognised strengths and weaknesses in all of the three main approaches used. However, while they favoured the use of specialist teachers because of their subject knowledge and expertise, the more prosaic constraints of cost and flexibility meant that the use of coaches had become increasingly popular. Whether or not, the growth of coaches is de-professionalising the delivery of PE, it certainly appears to be exacerbating any existing tendency to turn primary PE into a pale imitation of the sport-biased curricular of secondary schools. Ironically, the apparent ‘threat’ to the status of PE in the primary curriculum (as well as the status of PE specialists) posed by the growth of coaches in curricular PE in primary schools may well be exaggerated by the Primary PE and Sport Premium which appears to have added momentum to a change of direction regarding staffing the subject—towards sports coaches and away from generalist classroom teachers and PE specialists. As the shift towards outsourcing PE to commercial sports coaches becomes increasingly commonplace, it seems appropriate to talk of transformation, rather than mere change, in the delivery of primary PE. 相似文献
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Recent research into bullying in schools has focused upon the social context in which bullying commonly takes place and the roles taken by student bystanders observing the bullying. This article describes a methodology that has been developed, employing a video presentation and a related questionnaire, and applied in a number of countries, including Australia, Bangladesh, England, Israel, Italy and South Africa. This approach was utilized to examine reported bystander behaviour of schoolchildren witnessing bullying at school and to identify factors that may account for positive and negative responses of bystanders in both upper primary and lower secondary levels of schooling. 相似文献
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唐朝"武科制"的社会学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过民族史学、体育史学、体育理论等多种学科原理,结合文献资料、背景分析、综合分析法等,对唐朝“武科制”进行系统研究。结果显示:“武科”,又称“武举”。创立“武科制”是武则天革新朝政,选拔将帅建立新的军事体育制度的需要,是武则天政权“不惜爵位,以笼四方豪杰自为助”,“务取实才真贤”培植扩大其亲信势力的必然结果。“武科制”创立:为“习武”之人敞开了入仕之门,有助于唐朝社会“尚武”风气的形成和增强全民身体素质;为国家遴选优秀的武术军事体育人才提供方便,提高了将帅军事体育素质;冲破了“贱武右文”的陈腐观念,对唐朝体育的发展,尤其是对我国民族传统体育———武术的形成和发展产生积极影响。 相似文献
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三峡库区民族传统体育与原始宗教 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过民族史学、体育理论、体育史学等多种学科原理,结合实地调研、比较分析,对三峡库区民族祭祀体育产生的社会条件以及原始宗教对该地区民族体育的利与弊作简要分析.结果显示:三峡库区民族传统体育--摆手舞、竹铃球、苗岭球、武术、攀岩、天地球、芦笙舞、龙舟竞渡等体育活动与本民族的自然崇拜、祖先崇拜、图腾崇拜的原始宗教有着密切的联系.试图为三峡库区少数民族体育的挖掘、整理、发展,使之向科学化、现代化方向发展提出有益的建议. 相似文献
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本文在体育新闻评论这种言语行为的规定性要素分析的基础上,讨论其构成性要素以及为实现体育评论言语行为的有效性所应采用的言语策略. 相似文献
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