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21.
Professor Kenneth Tobin Wolff-Michael Roth Sabitra Brush 《Research in Science Education》1995,25(3):267-281
The education of prospective Elementary and Early Childhood (E&EC) teachers to teach science has been an on-going challenge
for science teacher educators. Accordingly, a course in physical science was planned and implemented especially for prospective
E&EC teachers. The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of the enacted curriculum and about the forces which
constrained its evolution. Miller, the teacher of the course, had no prior experience in teaching prospective E&EC teachers
and many of his experiences as a university level teacher were based on his teaching of physics majors. These experiences
shaped his approach to teaching the course as did his years as a basketball coach. Miller was an expert in physics and constructed
his role as teaching students significant scientific truths. Miller saw the purpose of the course as being to educate the
students in science, not to prepare them to teach science. He was unwilling to address the goals of students that were oriented
strongly toward becoming better teachers. The beliefs of the teacher constrained the enacted curriculum to an extent that
gaps between the needs of students and the enacted curriculum were wider at the end of the course than they were at the beginning.
Armstrong College
In my opinion I think I failed completely, but I am quite happy with what I am trying to do. I just don't think I executed
it well. So I was pretty unhappy with the whole experience in terms of the results, but I was not unhappy with the experience
in terms of whether it was worth doing. I think it is important in science to develop free-thinking and being able to come
to conclusions. Science is being able to reflect on the human condition, and being able to think about things you don't know
about. (Miller) 相似文献
22.
Externalities as conventionally defined miss many of the spillovers that are both causes and consequences of the technological changes that underlie economic growth. We introduce a much wider concept called technological complementarities. New general purpose technologies (GPTs) rejuvenate the growth process by creating technological complementarities, which are adequately measured neither by total factor productivity (TFP) nor by externalities. There would be major gains from technological change even if the returns on capital invested in innovation never exceeded the returns on investing in existing technologies so that there were neither externalities nor positive changes in TFP. 相似文献
23.
We used an appetitive sensory preconditioning procedure to investigate temporal integration in rats in two experiments. In
Phase 1, rats were presented with simultaneous compound trials on which a 10-sec conditioned stimulus (CS) X was embedded
within a 60-sec CS A. In Group Early, CS X occurred during the early portion of CS A, whereas in Group Late, CS X occurred
during the latter portion of CS A. In Phase 2, CS X was paired simultaneously with sucrose. On a subsequent test with CS A,
the rate of magazine entries peaked during the early portions of the stimulus in Group Early and during the latter portions
of the stimulus in Group Late (Experiments 1 and 2). Similar response peaks were not observed on tests with a control stimulus
that had been presented in compound with a stimulus that did not signal reward (Experiment 2). 相似文献
24.
Supplemental instruction classes have been shown in many studies to enhance performance in the supported courses and even to improve graduation rates. Generally, there has been little evidence of a differential impact on students from different ethnic/racial backgrounds. At San Francisco State University, however, supplemental instruction in the Introductory Biology I class is associated with even more dramatic gains among students from underrepresented minority populations than the gains found among their peers. These gains do not seem to be the product of better students availing themselves of supplemental instruction or other outside factors. The Introductory Biology I class consists of a team-taught lecture component, taught in a large lecture classroom, and a laboratory component where students participate in smaller lab sections. Students are expected to master an understanding of basic concepts, content, and vocabulary in biology as well as gain laboratory investigation skills and experience applying scientific methodology. In this context, supplemental instruction classes are cooperative learning environments where students participate in learning activities that complement the course material, focusing on student misconceptions and difficulties, construction of a scaffolded knowledge base, applications involving problem solving, and articulation of constructs with peers. 相似文献
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Howard Carvajal Kathleen Hardy Kathy L. Smith Kenneth A. Weaver 《Psychology in the schools》1988,25(2):129-131
A kindergarten class of 9 boys and 11 girls took the 1986 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Of 6 correlations of total scores and subtest pairs, only the correlation of total scores was statistically significant (p<.01). 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Collaborative school cultures have been associated with the achievement of a number of school reform objectives for both teachers and students. Little is known, however, about how such cultures develop and whether or how school administrators can facilitate that process. This study examined the practices of administrators in each of 12 schools which had developed highly collaborative professional relationships over a three year period in the context of school improvement initiatives. Results suggest the feasibility of developing more collaborative school cultures in a relatively brief period of time and clarify the role played by the larger context of school improvement for fostering collaboration. Specific strategies used by the administrators are described. These strategies are associated with a concept of leadership termed “transformational”. 相似文献