‘Native to native … we'll recapture our spirits’: The world indigenous nations games and north American indigenous games as cultural resistance

For centuries, colonizing governments have utilized cultural policies to eliminate Aboriginal culture, to make ‘citizens’ out of Native peoples in part by forcing them to relinquish language, cultural practices and traditions and have encouraged them to embrace mainstream values and cultural practices. In the Canadian context, sport has been utilized by the Canadian government as a civilizing agent to assimilate Aboriginal peoples. This paper analyses the history of this process in Canada and explains how Aboriginal leaders inverted this process to achieve self-determination through sport, in particular through the North American Indigenous Games and the World Indigenous Games. In this sense, we argue, sport has been historically contested terrain, wielded to disempower and to empower Aboriginal peoples.     

A Clinical Study of Physically Awkward Educationally Subnormal Boys

Abstract

Observations were made of 10 severely awkward educationally subnormal (ESN) boys as they attempted to learn six physical skills. Each boy was provided six individual instruction sessions. Seven boys achieved some measure of success and three boys did not progress beyond their initial level of achievement. A number of performance difficulties were observed, most noticeable being slow and deliberate movements, total response without control of force and speed, inability to perform a prescribed rhythmical count, and inability to perform a task on one side of the body.     

A national survey of UK health libraries investigating the cost of interlibrary loan services and assessing the accessibility to key orthopaedic journals

Background: NHS Library Services are utilised by NHS staff and junior trainees to locate scientific papers that provide them with the evidence base required for modern medical practice. The cost of accessing articles can be considerable particularly for junior trainees. Objectives: This survey looks at variations in cost of journal article loans and investigates access to particular orthopaedic journals across the country. Methods: A national survey of UK Health Libraries was performed. Access to and costs of journals and interlibrary loan services were assessed. Availability of five wide‐reaching orthopaedic journals was investigated. Results: Seven hundred and ten libraries were identified. One hundred and ten libraries completed the questionnaire (16.7%). Of these, 96.2% reported free access to scientific journals for users. 99.1% of libraries used interlibrary loan services with 38.2% passing costs on to the user at an average of £2.99 per article. 72.7% of libraries supported orthopaedic services. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British) had greatest onsite availability. Conclusions: The study demonstrates fluctuations in cost of access to interlibrary loan services and variation in access to important orthopaedic journals. It provides a reflection of current policy of charging for the acquisition of medical evidence by libraries in the UK.     

The Public Knowledge Project and the Simon Fraser University Library: A Partnership in Open Source and Open Access

The Public Knowledge Project is an ongoing collaboration between academics, librarians, publishers, editors, and software developers, working together to build alternatives in scholarly publishing. The project has developed a suite of open source software that significantly reduces the time and expense required for producing academic journals and conferences, and facilitates making research results freely available through open access. This article examines the history of the project, provides an overview of its open source software, discusses the growing community participating in the project, and considers its future directions.     

Simplifying Usage Statistics: What's Next for SUSHI

Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) is the key to automating the harvesting of Counting Online Usage of Networked Electronic Resources (COUNTER) usage statistics. Whether librarians are aware of it or not, SUSHI is a critical standard for measuring and monitoring the use of library online collections, eliminating hours of painstaking effort that would otherwise be required to locate, retrieve, and load usage reports. However, needs are evolving and standards like SUSHI need to evolve too. In this column I will examine some of the challenges facing SUSHI and how the National Information Standards Organization SUSHI Standing Committee is proactively addressing the challenges with its effort to develop a more flexible and easier-to-implement version of SUSHI.     

Library Standards and E-Resource Management: A Survey of Current Initiatives and Standards Efforts

The article “ONIX, Z and JWP: Library Standards in a Digital World,” which appears in volume 53, number 4 of The Serials Librarian, provides a detailed look at library standards and places them in the context of the e-journal lifecycle. The talk given at “Black Cats & Broken Links: Dispelling E-resource Superstitions,” Mississippi State University's Seventh Annual E-resource Workshop, was a presentation of that article. Rather than duplicate the details of the aforementioned article, this presentation write-up provides a brief overview of the topic.     

Standards that Impact the Gathering and Analysis of Usage

This column examines several standards and best practices that impact the gathering and analysis of usage data. The role of Counting Online Usage of Networked Electronic Resources (COUNTER), Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI), and Knowledge Bases and Related Tools (KBART) are each considered from the perspective of the environment within which the librarian is operating. The column also considers how the quality and consistency of the data exchanged while using these standards contributes to a successful outcome.     

PIE-J for Improving Access to e-Journal Content

Successfully connecting users to content in an online environment demands a high level of accuracy in the information eco-system. However, journal titles change names and International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSNs). When publishers, subject indexes, link resolvers, or other parties involved in connecting users to content fail to accurately represent the original details of cited articles, links fail, content becomes inaccessible except to very accomplished and determined librarians, and users become frustrated. The PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals) offers a simple and common-sense set of recommended practices and guidelines for publishers and content providers to follow to standardize the presentation and identification of e-journal content.     

Transfer Over Time: Stories About Transfer Years After Training

The purpose of this qualitative study is to form a grounded theory of the process of long‐term transfer. Eight physicians were interviewed to discover if, years later, they had used what they were taught in a faculty development training program. We found that these autonomous professionals continued to apply the teaching ideas they learned. Each, in a personal way, chose to use varied ideas in different ways in several contexts. They applied ideas using intellectual skills such as planning and analyzing. They continued their applications because they perceived supportive work conditions and positive consequences. In sum, over the long term, physicians acquired knowledge and mental skill, chose to use them, and attempted application. They reflected on outcomes, decided to reuse or revise, and tried again. Thus, the process of long‐term transfer was learning to use and learning from use. We examine implications for research and training.