Development and application of a two‐tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument to assess high school students' understanding of inorganic chemistry qualitative analysis*

This article describes the development and application of a two‐tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument to assess high school students' understanding of inorganic chemistry qualitative analysis. The development of the diagnostic instrument was guided by the framework outlined by Treagust. The instrument was administered to 915 Grade 10 students (15 to 17 years old) from 11 schools after they had learned the theory involved in qualitative analysis and after a series of qualitative analysis practical sessions. The Cronbach alpha reliability of the instrument was .68, the facility indices ranged from .17 to .48, and the discrimination indices ranged from .20 to .53. The study showed that the Grade 10 students had difficulty understanding the reactions involved in the identification of cations and anions, for example, double decomposition reactions, the formation and reaction of complex salts, and thermal decomposition. The findings of the study and literature on practical work were used to develop a qualitative analysis teaching package. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 283–301, 2002     

基于个案研究的学生视角下的双语教学法探讨

本文运用定性研究方法,通过访谈,对一位在校大学生进行了个案研究,旨在探讨学生视角下的双语教学方法这一问题。研究结果表明,学生所期望的双语教学法在一定程度上与专家、学者们认为理想的双语教学法有些不同。最后,针对研究结果提出了五条教学建议。     

Assessment of the phase synchronization effect in modal testing during operation

The impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA), which uses impact-synchronous time averaging (ISTA), allows modal testing to be performed during operation. ISTA is effective in filtering out the non-synchronous cyclic load component, its harmonics, and noises. However, it was found that at operating speeds that coincide with the natural modes, ISMA would require a high number of impacts to determine the dynamic characteristics of the system. This finding has subsequently reduced the effectiveness and practicality of ISMA. Preservation of signatures during ISTA depends on the consistency of their phase angles on every time block but not necessarily on their frequencies. Thus, the effect of phase angles with respect to impact is seen to be a very important parameter when performing ISMA on structures with dominant periodic responses due to cyclic load and ambient excitation. The responses from unaccounted forces that contain even the same frequency as that contained in the response due to impact are diminished with the least number of impacts when the phase of the periodic responses is not consistent with the impact signature for every impact applied. The assessment showed that a small number of averages are sufficient to eliminate the non-synchronous components with 98.48% improvement on simulation and 95.22% improvement on experimental modal testing when the phase angles with respect to impact are not consistent for every impact applied.     

我国引入股票期权制度环境羁绊及对策研究

一、制度环境方面的障碍和束缚 股票期权制度的有效动作离不开一定的制度环境条件。这些制度环境条件包括：健全的法律法规体系、强效率的资本市场、完善的公司治理结构、竞争的职业经理市场等。而我国的现实情况是：法律法规不健全、资本市场弱效率、公司治理结构不合理、经理市场几乎不存在。总之,从总体上看,我国缺乏股票期权制度赖以生长的土壤。     

试论日本人的自满情绪与日式英语的产生

笔者认为,日式英语的产生与日本人的自满情绪有很大的关系。本文即在对日本人的内在心理问题研究的基础上,对日式英语的产生与日本人的自满情绪的关系进行了探讨。     

A survey of the use of ethnographic methods in the study of libraries and library users

A survey and analysis of the use of ethnographic methods in studies of libraries and library users identified a total of 81 studies. Five main types of ethnographic research methods were identified: observation, interviews, fieldwork, focus groups, and cultural probes. The survey shows a recent increase in the use of ethnographic methods in libraries, and identifies an emerging genre of studies associated with library planning that uses rapid ethnographic methods to investigate libraries and their users as part of planning processes. The survey supports comparison across ethnographic studies, settings, and methods; enables the growth of ethnographic methods as a research method in libraries; and provides material for library and information science curriculum development in this area. A bibliography of the studies used in the analysis is provided in Appendix A, and includes a number of gray literature reports and online publications.     

Adult numeracy teacher training programmes in England: a suggested typology

Nationally approved adult numeracy teacher training programmes were started in September 2002 following the introduction of subject specifications by the Department for Education and Skills and the Further National Training Organisation in England. These programmes delivered by higher education institutions and further education colleges were found to consist of a wide variation of course structure and delivery style. This article offers a conceptual typological framework to classify the diversity of these programmes. It uses examples of adult numeracy courses drawn from a research project which investigates the diverse curriculum approaches to teaching the subject specifications, the issues around implementation, and the way that subject knowledge was translated into classroom skills. The typology uses Bernstein’s theories on curriculum knowledge, transmission and recontextualization of pedagogic processes as a framework to classify and enhance our understanding of the raison d’etre of this subject area of teacher training courses, that is, to teach trainees how to be teachers of adult numeracy. The article also offers an ‘ideal’ teacher training course where some of its elements are drawn from best practices identified in the project. Finally, this article might act as a platform for practitioners to critically assess how adult numeracy teacher training courses might be structured and classified.     

Using a student‐centred learning approach to teach a discrete information technology course: the effects on Malaysian pre‐service teachers’ attitudes toward information technology

The purpose of this study was to measure pre‐service teachers’ attitudes toward information technology (IT) after completing a discrete IT course taught in a student centred‐learning (SCL) environment during laboratory sessions. Evidence from this study suggests that there was a positive shift in the participants’ attitudes toward IT. Pre‐test results showed that IT‐competent participants who regarded IT as useful had more confidence and less aversion toward IT. Post‐test results showed increased mean scores on all three dependent variables with no differences between IT‐competent and low IT‐competent participants. The results were supported by interviews which indicate that after completing the IT course, participants were more independent, more creative and possessed collaborative learning skills. The results suggest that infusing SCL into a discrete IT course can help promote and enhance positive attitudes toward IT and enable students to be active participants in their own learning process.     

基于VEC模型的税收与经济增长关系的实证检验——以安徽省为例

从税收收入与经济增长关系的理论分析入手,利用安徽省1994-2011年间的税收收入和GDP数据,进行了平稳性检验和协整关系检验,进而构建VEC模型并作脉冲响应分析,从实证视角验证了税收收入与经济增长间的动态关系。结果表明:税收收入与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系和单向因果关系,且在长期中税收收入对GDP具有持续的正向影响效应,同时经济增长对税收收入也具有正向拉动作用。     

祝尧的古赋论

祝尧所宗的古赋为有先秦两汉赋风的抒情赋。“祖骚宗汉”和“以情为本”构成了祝尧的古赋论,体现了他将诗教与情教、诗教与赋教合而为一的意图,反映了元代汉族知识分子既希望元代统治者推行儒教,同时又对受到统治者的冷落和歧视愤愤不平的两重心理。