Health informatics in Chile: responding to health reforms

Chile is in the throes of health reforms aimed at ensuring that every person with specified chronic diseases receives timely and high quality care. CITs are crucial to the achievement of this vision because they make it possible to manage information and knowledge in a more efficient way. Until a few years ago, the incorporation of CITs was limited to individual initiatives, but since 2004 there has been a master plan to coordinate this task in the public sector. Some projects are now operative but there is still a long road to travel before getting to our destination. One of the most underdeveloped areas is the clinical applications of health CITs, especially the incorporation of biomedical knowledge to clinical practice. The two biggest challenges facing the Digital Agenda for the health care system are (i) to develop a critical mass of clinicians and health related professionals with expertise in Health Informatics; and (ii) to foster technical integration of the private and public sectors of the health care market.     

Maintenance of responding when reinforcement becomes delayed

In four experiments with rats, we examined the persistence of behavior when reinforcement was switched from immediate to delayed. In Experiment 1, lever pressing elicited by instrumental training with immediate reinforcement continued when a 20-sec delay of reinforcement was introduced (easy-to-hard condition), whereas when the delay condition was introduced from the start (hard-to-hard condition), responding remained low throughout. A similar result was obtained in Experiment 2, in which lever pressing was elicited by a classical conditioning (autoshaping) procedure. In Experiment 3, rats initially trained with delayed reinforcement continued to respond at a low rate when switched to immediate reinforcement (hard-to-easy condition). By measuring magazine entry (goal tracking) as well as lever pressing (sign tracking) in Experiment 4, we confirmed that such transfer effects at least partly involve the persistence of whatever type of behavior was initially dominant.     

Interactions between retroactive-interference and context-mediated treatments that impair Pavlovian conditioned responding

In Pavlovian fear conditioning, context-mediated decrements in conditioned responding (e.g., the US preexposure effect) can counteract competition between cues trained together (e.g., overshadowing). Two experiments were conducted using rats in a conditioned lick suppression preparation to determine whether context-mediated competition also counteracts competition between cues trained separately (retroactive interference, or RI). In Experiment 1, a combination of degraded contingency and RI treatments produced less of a decrement in conditioned responding than did either of those treatments alone. Experiment 2 showed that RI treatment attenuates the normally deleterious effect of trial massing. The results suggest that empirical similarities are shared by interference between cues trained apart and competition between cues trained together.     

新时期高校党的思想建设的历史经验与改革创新

本文从党的建设总体布局和高校事业发展这两个相互关联的分析维度出发,回顾了改革开放以来我国高校党的思想建设历史进程,对主要经验进行了总结,并结合时代特征和办学需求,探讨新形势下如何以改革创新的精神和举措继续推进高校党的思想建设及各项事业的科学发展。     

电子设计创新实验室的建设与管理方法探究

分析了高校毕业生的实践动手能力与用人单位要求的较大差距,结合大学生电子设计竞赛试题,提出了边远落后地区的高校电子设计创新实验室的建设思路,并对创新实验室的建设目标,教学管理、师资队伍建设、实验设备管理和学生能力评价等进行了分析与探讨.     

高校仪器设备档案信息化建设的思考

仪器设备档案管理是高校仪器设备管理工作中不可或缺的重要环节,也是高校仪器设备管理的重要的基础性工作.推进仪器设备档案信息化的建设,可为高校的教学、科研工作的顺利开展创造良好的条件.文章讨论了仪器设备档案信息化的作用,阐述了仪器设备信息化建设的原则和目标,并初步提出了仪器设备档案信息化建设的对策.     

分析化学省级精品课程建设模式探索

通过介绍分析化学课程的改革发展与具体实践,探讨了分析化学省级精品课程的建设模式,提出了分析化学省级精品课程的定位和目标,从课程的教学重点和难点中找出好的解决办法,同时提出了加强实践教学的设计思想,通过改进组织形式和指导方法,发展新的分析化学实验考核内容、实验成绩和综合训练考评方法,提高了教学效果和管理质量,使学生达到综合运用基本知识和发展实验技能的目的.     

道德教育的非知识化路径——道家的知识观及其道德教育方法研究

目前,我们对道德教育的认识基本上是一种知识论立场,把知识视为道德的基础和必要前提,走的是一种通过知识教学促进道德提升的知识化路径。庄子区分了两种性质不同的知识类型,一种是关于道德的知识,一种是关于自然的知识。针对两种知识类型的差异,老庄提出为学与为道两种不同的学习方式。自然科学知识的学习是一种逐渐积累、不断增加的路径,它遵循的是学的规律;道德修养则是一种逐渐减损的路径,它遵循的是不学的规律。道德修养不能是学的方式,只能是不学的方式,要通过非知识化的路径进行。     

An Experimental Investigation of Antisocial Lie-Telling Among Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Typically Developing Children

Children's lie-telling is surprisingly understudied among children with significant behavioral problems. In the present study, experimental paradigms were used to examine antisocial lie-telling among ethnically diverse 5- to 10-year-old children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD; n = 71) and a typically developing (TD) comparison sample (n = 50) recruited from a southeastern state from 2013 to 2014. Children completed two games that measured the prevalence and skill of their lies: (a) for personal gain and (b) to conceal wrongdoing. Children with DBD were more likely to lie for personal gain than TD children. With age, children were more likely to lie to conceal wrongdoing, but the reverse was true regarding lies for personal gain. Results advance knowledge concerning individual differences in children's lie-telling.     

Religious Development in African American Adolescents: Growth Patterns That Offer Protection

Although religiosity promotes resilient outcomes in African American (AA) adolescents, there is a lack of research that examines the protective role of religious development in the context of stressful life events (SLEs). In 1,595 AA adolescents, a cohort-sequential design was used from ages 12 to 18 to examine subtypes of religiosity, as well as distinct developmental patterns within subtypes. The protective role of religious development was also examined in the context of SLEs. The study findings indicated two subtypes of religiosity—extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity—as well as low and high developmental patterns in the identified subtypes. Furthermore, the protective influence of extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity gradually diminished from age 12 to 18 in the context of SLEs.