Using Computing Power to Replace Lawyers: Advances in Licensing and Access

Faculty, librarians, students, and administrators are all faced with questions concerning permitted uses of licensed content. Rather than wrangle with the complexities of copyright, many would prefer a simple automated solution. The Stanford Center for Legal Informatics created such a tool through a research project that evolved into SIPX, a commercial copyright service. The Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) created a product concept but faced challenges in converting it into an academic product.     

Lessons from professional identity development literature: A qualitative content analysis

The development of a professional identity as a counselor is the result of training, practice, and integration into a community of professional counselors and is defined as the synthesis of personal and professional behaviors, values, ethics, and worldview. The research on this topic has been plentiful, but this systemic and systematic review of the research literature provides a comprehensive overview of this important concept for counselor training and supervision.     

Interferences from blood collection tube components on clinical chemistry assays

Improper design or use of blood collection devices can adversely affect the accuracy of laboratory test results. Vascular access devices, such as catheters and needles, exert shear forces during blood flow, which creates a predisposition to cell lysis. Components from blood collection tubes, such as stoppers, lubricants, surfactants, and separator gels, can leach into specimens and/or adsorb analytes from a specimen; special tube additives may also alter analyte stability. Because of these interactions with blood specimens, blood collection devices are a potential source of pre-analytical error in laboratory testing. Accurate laboratory testing requires an understanding of the complex interactions between collection devices and blood specimens. Manufacturers, vendors, and clinical laboratorians must consider the pre-analytical challenges in laboratory testing. Although other authors have described the effects of endogenous substances on clinical assay results, the effects/impact of blood collection tube additives and components have not been well systematically described or explained. This review aims to identify and describe blood collection tube additives and their components and the strategies used to minimize their effects on clinical chemistry assays.     

谈中医学对运动性疲劳的认识

如何尽快消除运动性疲劳,从而提高运动竞技能力,是当今世界运动训练科学和运动医学领域中最为重要的和正待解决的问题之一。关于运动性疲劳的研究,由来已久,但因认识和研究的方法不同,研究结果众说纷纭,各具特点。中医学是一门研究人体生理病理、疾病诊断与防治以及摄生康复的传统医学科学,其从整体观念和辨证论治出发,强调以"养"为主,提倡机体的"阴阳平衡",重视脏腑之间的联系,注重身心和谐发展,在运动医学的防治方面发挥了巨大作用,而中医学对运动性疲劳也有其独特的见解,文章将以中医学的视角对运动性疲劳的含义、病因、病机三方面进行论述,以期望能更好地发挥中医学在运动性疲劳的防治中的作用。     

基于文献计量的虚拟社区知识共享研究状况分析

本文采用文献计量学的方法,选择中国知网(CNKI)中国知识资源总库的相关数据库作为检索数据来源,2001-2010年10年间关于虚拟社区知识共享的研究论文作为分析数据,同时结合文献内容从文献总体、文献增长情况、空间分布、著者分布情况、研究热点、文献引用情况等角度分析我国关于虚拟社区知识共享的研究状况,总结虚拟社区知识共享研究的趋势和特点,希望对虚拟社区知识共享的深入研究提供一些借鉴与指导。     

Open Data: What It Is and Why You Should Care

Open data is information that is provided by public entities to be accessed and reused. Publishing open data is an excellent way to improve an organization’s transparency and provide insight into the value of the organization. Libraries are uniquely positioned to assist their patrons in the use of open data by making them aware of it and helping them access and use it. This article provides a short history of open data and explores ways that library trailblazers are already using open data as well as contributing open data for others to use. Getting started with open data involves identifying key open data resources such as data.gov, identifying library information that would be beneficial to publish, and creating programs that provide digital literacy training and create opportunities for patrons to engage with open data in new and creative ways.     

基于深度Q网络的水面无人艇路径规划算法

为实现水面无人艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)在未知环境下的自主避障航行,提出一种基于深度Q网络的USV避障路径规划算法。该算法将深度学习应用到Q学习算法中,利用深度神经网络估计Q函数,有效解决传统Q学习算法在复杂水域环境的路径规划中容易产生维数灾难的问题。通过训练模型可有效地建立感知(输入)与决策(输出)之间的映射关系。依据此映射关系,USV在每个决策周期选择Q值最大的动作执行,从而能够成功避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。仿真结果表明,在迭代训练8 000次时,平均损失函数能够较好地收敛,这证明USV有效学习到了如何避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。该方法是一种不依赖模型的端到端路径规划算法。     

A Person-Centered Approach to Understanding Teachers' Classroom Practices and Perceived School Goal Structures

ABSTRACT

We examined 179 teachers' perceptions of their own classroom practices and their school's motivational climate to illuminate the ways these perceptions work in concert. Using teachers' responses to two scales of the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey, a cluster analysis revealed three profiles of teachers described as cluster 1: Aligned: Performance Moderate, Mastery High: We agree with everything!; cluster 2: Aligned: Performance Low, Mastery High: Yea to Mastery! Nay to Performance!; and cluster 3: Unaligned: Classroom Mastery with School Performance: We're Mastery Structured in a Performance School. Cluster analyses revealed significant differences suggesting these teacher groups had distinct profiles. This study adds to the literature on goal theory aimed at understanding and advancing teachers' motivationally supportive practices and can be used in teacher education and development to help teachers identify, reflect on, and understand their classroom goal structures and how they relate to structures operating at the school level.     

Using action,reflection and modelling (ARM) in Malaysian primary schools: connecting ‘the ARM theory’ with student teachers’ reported practice

This article presents Malaysian student teachers’ reports of using an action, reflection and modelling (ARM) pedagogical approach during their placements in Malaysian primary schools. The ARM approach was designed to support the implementation of the Malaysian primary school mathematics curriculum, which involved changing classroom practice in learning and teaching. It was developed and used during a Malaysia–UK collaborative project to construct a Bachelor of Education (Honours) degree programme in Primary Mathematics for a cohort of 120 student teachers in Malaysia. The three principles integral to the ARM approach were repeatedly made explicit to the student practitioners who were engaged in learning and teaching on the new degree programme. Using findings from surveys carried out with the students at the end of their first and final placements, this article provides examples of the way some of them described ARM and recounted how they had used the approach in the classroom. Four of these narratives are used as ‘vignettes’ to illustrate the students’ perceptions of using new ways of learning and teaching in primary schools and to inform and enable a discussion of the relationship between theory and practice in teacher education.     

地理教学中的美育琐谈

美育是地理学科教学的基本任务之一。地理教材和我们的周边地理环境中蕴涵着丰富的美育资源，这是地理教学实施美育的优势所在。在地理教学中实施美育，需要加强对地理教学中的美育内涵的理解，需要充分开发地理美育的课程资源，还需要选择有效美育方法。