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Kenneth R. Pugh W. Einar Mencl Annette R. Jenner Jun Ren Lee Leonard Katz Stephen J. Frost Sally E. Shaywitz Bennett A. Shaywitz 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2001,16(4):240-249
Converging evidence from a number of neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that fluent word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two left hemisphere posterior systems: a temporo-parietal system and a ventral occipito-temporal system. These posterior systems are functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Reading disabled, relative to nonimpaired, readers demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and right hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers the temporo-parietal system predominates at first, and is associated with aspects of processing critical in learning to integrate orthography with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The occipito-temporal system, by contrast, constitutes a fast, late-developing, word-identification system that underlies fluent word recognition in skilled readers. 相似文献
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Appreciation of problem structure is critical to successful learning. Two experiments investigated effective ways of communicating problem structure in a computer-based learning environment and tested whether verbal instruction is necessary to specify solution steps, when deep structure is already embellished by instructional examples. Participants learned to solve algebra-like problems and then solved transfer problems that required adjustment of learned procedures. Experiment 1 demonstrated that verbal instruction helped learning by reducing learners' floundering, but its positive effect disappeared in the transfer. More importantly, students transferred better when they studied with examples that emphasized problem structure rather than solution procedure. Experiment 2 showed that verbal instruction was not necessarily more effective than nonverbal scaffolding to convey problem structure. Final understanding was determined by transparency of problem structure regardless of presence of verbal instruction. However, verbal instruction had a positive impact on learners by having them persist through the task, and optimal instructional choices were likely to differ depending on populations of learners. 相似文献
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Educational assessment in the Republic of Korea reflects social and cultural perspectives, as most assessments are considered as a ‘gatekeeper’ of one’s success in life, in terms of entering an elite school or having a better career. This paper presents a profile of the education system, especially focusing on the college entrance examination system in the Republic of Korea, and discusses the washback effect of the high-stake exam, the College Scholastic Ability Test, on stakeholders and the entire society. Furthermore, this paper will discuss the ways to improve the education policy, particularly the college entrance system, with emphasis on implications for future assessment reform from a standardised high-stake test to move towards the formative assessment. 相似文献
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Su Cai Feng-Kuang Chiang Yuchen Sun Chenglong Lin Joey J. Lee 《Interactive Learning Environments》2017,25(6):778-791
Educators must address several challenges inherent to the instruction of scientific disciplines such as physics -- expensive or insufficient laboratory equipment, equipment error, difficulty in simulating certain experimental conditions. Augmented reality (AR) can be a promising approach to address these challenges. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of an AR and motion-sensing learning technology that teaches magnetic fields in a junior high school physics course. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of using natural interaction on students’ physics learning and deep understanding compared to traditional learning tools. The 38 eighth graders who participated in this study were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Analysis of the results shows that the AR-based motion-sensing software can improve students’ learning attitude and learning outcome. This study provides a case for the application of AR technology in secondary physics education. 相似文献
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为提升台湾科技产业,争取高科技及精密工业投资,因而位于台湾台南沿海过去为传统引海水制盐的基地被规划成为科技工业区,希望藉由便捷之交通网及整体景观设计,开创南台湾工业区之新形象.基地原为南部重要之制盐场区,引进海水之渠道沿岸着生茂密之红树林植物,除保护坡岸外,更孕育多样化之河口生态体系;现虽因制盐工业式微,然既有滩地仍有大量水鸟聚集,开发单位希望复育当地堤岸既有之榄李及五梨跤等红树林植物,塑造地方特色,并达成开发与保护生物多样性之双赢目的.红树林生育于河海交会之感朝河段,环境较为特殊,因而适生植物之器官、生理及繁殖均经演化以适应环境特质,因此红树林育苗及栽植工作需考量生存之环境特质为,有别于一般绿化工程,本研究控制灌溉方式,调节感潮水位及水份盐度,以达理想之复育存活率.现有基地基础盐化情况严重,为避免盐分随水分回渗至土壤层,因而复育区栽植基础以及回填土均加以处理,并定时监测土壤盐度,以确保栽植成功.复育工程自育苗、栽种、抚育历时五年,景观亦由灰白之盐山盐田改变为绿意盎然之红树林绿带,除提高土地利用之加值作用外,亦达成建设农渔业生态环境优美化及生态环境保育之双重目的. 相似文献