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The Alfred Taubman Medical Library at the University of Michigan has offered instruction in online literature searching to third-year pharmacy students as a component of the course "Drug Information and Scientific Literature Evaluation" since 1983. In the spring of 1989, a follow-up study was conducted to assess the impact of instruction on four classes of graduates. Of a pool of 151 graduates, 90 (60%) responded to a mailed questionnaire on their use of information and computerized literature searching. The respondents were divided into four subgroups: end-user searchers, users of intermediaries, end users who used intermediaries, and those who did not use computerized literature search systems. Seventy-two percent of the respondents used some type of computerized literature searching, and 42% performed their own searches. The four subgroups differed in general computer use, familiarity with MEDLINE search terminology, information use, reasons for using or not using literature searching, and characteristics of searches (i.e., type, time frame, amount, and frequency). Training in end-user search systems appears to have had an impact on the continued use of computerized literature searching several years after the formal educational program. 相似文献
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Keiko Ikeda 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(5-6):346-350
AbstractThe 1980s was a period when the academic current for leisure studies led to the birth of the study of sports history. Japan was not a latecomer in this scholarly stream. More significantly, cultural issues were thought not the part of various phenomena in a society, but the key issues for class integration and class strife. After writing my PhD thesis on Pierce Egan, one of the earliest sport journalists influenced by the idea of early radicals in the nineteenth-century Britain, my attention turned over to the question of why the study of sport history was necessary. There was the academic impact inherited from the New Left’s belief that ‘without understanding the state of people’s culture, class issues are unable to be truly comprehended’. The Initiation of sport journalism had a similar destiny. This consequence appears to be a synchroflash between the early radicals’ concern in popular culture in the nineteenth century and the New Left’s interest in cultural studies in the twentieth century. There was an obvious reason why the radical essayists and contemporary academics had to pay attention to the ‘cultural turn’ with critical thinking in a society. 相似文献
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Nakano T Itoyama T Yoshida K Sawada Y Ikeda S Fukuda T Matsuda T Negoro M Arai F 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(4):46505
We proposed and fabricated multiscale transparent arteriole and capillary vessel models with circular cross sections of 10-500 μm using photolithography. The circularities of the fabricated 10, 50, and 500 μm diameter microchannels were 84.0%, 61.5%, and 82.3%, respectively. Next, we connected these different models to realize a circulation type blood vessel model simulating arteriole networks. We proposed a novel connection method using an intermediate connector made of wax, which we used to connect these models to make a circulation model. In flow experiments, the fabricated models showed no leakage and circulation models with seamless connections were achieved. 相似文献
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Kiyoshi Sanada Motohiko Miyachi Izumi Tabata Katsuhiko Suzuki Kenta Yamamoto Hiroshi Kawano 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1027-1034
Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare body composition and risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases between young and older male rowers and sedentary controls. Healthy males aged 19–73 years participated in the study, and were divided into four groups: 26 young rowers, 24 senior rowers, 23 young sedentary controls, and 22 senior sedentary controls. Total and regional lean soft tissue, fat mass, and bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The HDL-cholesterol of senior rowers (67.4 ± 13.4 mg · dl?1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of senior sedentary controls (59.2 ± 11.9 mg · dl?1), while HDL-cholesterol was similar in senior rowers and young rowers (66.1 ± 10.8 mg · dl?1). Arm, leg, and trunk lean soft tissue mass were significantly higher in senior rowers (5.6 ± 0.6 kg, 18.2 ± 1.8 kg, and 27.3 ± 3.2 kg respectively) than in senior sedentary controls (5.1 ± 0.4 kg, 16.3 ± 1.4 kg, and 24.6 ± 1.7 kg respectively; P < 0.05). Bone mineral density was also significantly higher in senior rowers than in senior sedentary controls (ribs, lumbar spine, and pelvic segments; P < 0.05). We conclude that age-related increases in the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, are attenuated in male rowers. These results suggest that regular rowing exercise may have a positive influence in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in older Japanese people. 相似文献
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Tippins Deborah J. Kemp Andy Ogura Yasushi Akiyama Mikio Ikeda Hideo Isozaki Tetsuo Ochiai Hiroshi Ohshika Kiyoyuki Takemura Shigekazu Bryan Lynn Keys Carolyn Padilla Michael Riley Joseph P. Thomson Norman 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2000,11(3):189-206
Journal of Science Teacher Education - 相似文献
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Reciprocal Influences among Adrenocortical Activation, Psychosocial Processes, and the Behavioral Adjustment of Clinic-Referred Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Douglas A. Granger John R. Weisz James T. McCracken Sandra C. Ikeda Pamela Douglas 《Child development》1996,67(6):3250-3262
The reciprocal effects among cognitive-behavioral, environmental, and biological influences on clinic-referred children's ( N = 64; 34 boys; M age 12.71 years) short-term psychological and psychiatric adjustment were studied. At clinic intake and 6 months later, standardized measures of adjustment and control-related beliefs were assessed. Before and after conflict-oriented parent-child interaction tasks the children's saliva was sampled. Adrenocortical responses (i.e., increases in salivary cortisol) to the social conflict task predicted children's internalizing problem behaviors and anxiety disorders at follow-up. Consistently high adrenocortical reactivity at intake and follow-up was associated with deflated social competence over the 6-month period. Also, specific patterns of discontinuity in children's internalizing behavior problems predicted individual differences in their subsequent adrenocortical responsiveness. Specifically, rising behavior problem levels across time predicted higher and declining behavior problem levels predicted lower adrenocortical reactivity at follow-up. Findings are among the first to suggest links among internalizing behavior problems, adrenocortical responsiveness to social challenge, and clinic-referred children's short-term cognitive-behavioral and emotional adjustment. 相似文献
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Yamada K Sasakura A Nishiwaki K El-Shemy HA Mohapatra PK Nguyen NT Kurosaki H Kanai S Ito J Fujita K 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(1):72-82
This study addresses the hypothesis that stagnation of soybean yield on the farm can be improved by selection of a physiological
trait favoring carbon assimilate partitioning to terminally placed pods versus genotypes having axillary pods at close plant
spacing. 13C was fed to source-sink units comprising a leaf, axillary/terminal pods, and petioles at upper and lower positions of the
stem axis in two soybean cultivars, namely Shakujo and Enrei, at different densities of populations. The cultivars differ
significantly in architecture, Shakujo bearing a few hundreds of pods in close succession to one another in a terminally placed
raceme, in contrast to Enrei having axillary racemes. Pod yield per plant was higher in Enrei than in Shakujo at low density,
but Shakujo out-yielded Enrei at close spacing. Population density decreased yield per plant and altered the pattern of assimilate
partitioning significantly within the plants for both varieties. At high density more assimilates moved to the upper parts
at the cost of the lower parts. The terminally placed pods of Shakujo were advantaged to receive assimilates under density
stress. No benefit was accrued to pod filling of Enrei, however, under this condition. 相似文献
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