The process of supervision in the turkish educational system: purpose, structure, operation

The aim of this study is to provide information on the purposes, structure and operation of the process of supervision in the Turkish educational system. In this paper, the historical development of supervision services in the Turkish educational system, as well as the purposes and principles of educational supervision in Turkey and the structure of supervision in the Turkish educational system are defined. Moreover, the organization of sub-systems of the Ministry of National Education and that of supervision at elementary schools, hiring supervisors, their training, duties and responsibilities as well as working principles are presented. In addition, a detailed analysis of the supervision of institutions and teachers by supervisors is included.     

The role of perceived classroom goal structures,self-efficacy,and engagement in student science achievement

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the factors related to science achievement. In these studies, the classroom goal structure perceptions, engagement, and self-efficacy of the students have emerged as important factors to be examined in relation to students’ science achievement.

Purpose: This study examines the relationships between classroom goal structure perception variables (motivating tasks, autonomy support, and mastery evaluation), engagement (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement), self-efficacy, and science achievement.

Sample: The study participants included 744 seventh-grade students from 9 public schools in two districts of Gaziantep in Turkey.

Design and methods: Data were collected through the administration of four instruments: Survey of Classroom Goals Structures, Engagement Questionnaire, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Science Achievement Test. The obtained data were subjected to path analysis to test the proposed model.

Results: Students’ perceptions of classroom goal structures (i.e. motivating tasks, autonomy support, and mastery evaluation) were found to be significant predictors of their self-efficacy. Autonomy support was observed to be positively linked to all aspects of engagement, while motivating tasks were found to be related only to cognitive engagement. In addition, mastery evaluation was shown to be positively linked to engagement variables, except for cognitive engagement, and self-efficacy and engagement (i.e. behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement) were observed to be significant predictors of science achievement. Finally, results revealed reciprocal relations among engagement variables, except for agentic engagement.

Conclusions: Students who perceive mastery goal structures tend to show higher levels of engagement and self-efficacy in science classes. The study found that students who have high self-efficacy and who are behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively engaged are more successful in science classes. Accordingly, it is recommended that science teachers utilize inquiry-based and hands-on science activities in science classes and focus on the personal improvement of the students. Furthermore, it is also recommended that they provide students with opportunities to make their own choices and decisions and to control their own actions in science classes.     

"杂文味"——杂文语言的美感特征

杂具有哲理性。但是，倘若把杂的“理”说得平庸乏味，肯定是失败之作。本由语言表现入手，揭示杂作为一种独立的体，有着独特的韵味，在于杂的语言富有“杂味”，体现理趣之美．精深之美，动人之美等三个方面的美感特征。     

‘We are at this campus,there is nothing in this campus …’: Socio-spatial analysis of a university campus

This article provides a socio-spatial analysis of a higher education institution operating within a multi-campus system at a location other than the flagship campus. Based on this case study of a technical school, the meanings attached to the university campus are analyzed through semi-structured interviews and official documents. The study reveals how strong resource dependency in terms of the funds necessary for conducting core functions (i.e. research) silences tensions and apathy between the university and the affiliated schools. The socio-spatial analysis based on Lefebvre’s triad reveals hidden concerns such as loneliness, isolation, and inattentiveness. Overall, the paper underlines the importance of viewing the campus as a social space, and presents potential outcomes not only for policy makers but also for multi-campus system research endeavors.     

Stereotyping and Intergroup Perceptions of Disabled and Nondisabled Children: A New Perspective

This research seeks to establish relationships between the stereotypes, self‐ratings and peer‐ratings of students in an experimental secondary school attended by both disabled and nondisabled young people. To study the influence that contact with disabled classmates has upon intergroup perceptions, responses of these students were compared with those of students attending a secondary school that does not practise mainstreaming.Results vary, depending upon whether subjects were asked to attribute adjectives from a list to classmates, some of whom were disabled, or to the disabled persons in general. This research highlights the need to adopt a new approach to intergroup relations.     

对学分制和主辅修制的探索与实践

在分析现行学制存在缺陷的基础上 ,提出了“复合型”人才培养模式和学分制、主辅修制学制改革方案 ,并对物理系开展学制改革情况作了介绍。     

量子埃里克森循环性能的热力学分析

利用修正的理想气体状态方程推导出以理想玻色气体4He为工作物质的量子埃里克森热机效主和输出功的普遍表达式，并对结果进行一些有意义的讨论，所得结论可对低温气体热机的研究提供理论依据。     

对中小学网管人员的能力和素养的探讨

随着“校校通”工程的实施 ,各中小学校园网的建成 ,对教育领域最基层管理人员的专业能力与素养的培养被逐渐引起重视。笔者以从事基层网络管理、信息教育的经验为鉴 ,简述了几年来管理学校计算机网络和计算机设备的一些心得与技巧 ,提出了中小学网管人员必备的能力和素养之浅见 ,以此作为各中小学网管人员学习课程的一点参考。     

两个特殊的查找算法

给出了一般有序表的随机查找算法和一类特殊有序表（单词）的分块查找算法。     

Investigating the effects of multimedia input modality on L2 listening skills of Turkish EFL learners

The present study examined whether or not different input delivery modes have an effect on listening comprehension of Turkish students learning English at the university level. It investigated the effect of one single mode, which is audio-only, and three dual input delivery modes, which were audio-video, audio-video with target language subtitles and audio with PowerPoint presentation, on listening comprehension. The data have been gathered through: a listening proficiency exam, a topic familiarity questionnaire, listening comprehension tests, think-aloud protocols and a semi-structured focus group interview. Analysis of data demonstrated that the students’ listening comprehension scores were significantly lower in audio-video with subtitles mode. In addition to this, the students stated that they experienced most confusion and anxiety in understanding through audio-video with subtitles. Moreover, the students mentioned that they were most successful in the audio with PowerPoint presentation mode. Results also indicated that the students were influenced by their pre-university listening class experiences, meaning that they were most accustomed to the audio-only mode, and therefore felt most relaxed when they listened only.