Understanding human influence on climate change in China

China''s climate has been warming since the 1950s, with surface air temperature increasing at a rate higher than the global average. Changes in climate have exerted substantial impacts on water resources, agriculture, ecosystems and human health. Attributing past changes to causes provides a scientific foundation for national and international climate policies. Here, we review recent progress in attributing the observed climate changes over past decades in China. Anthropogenic forcings, dominated by greenhouse gas emissions, are the main drivers for observed increases in mean and extreme temperatures. Evidence of the effect of anthropogenic forcings on precipitation is emerging. Human influence has increased the probability of extreme heat events, and has likely changed the occurrence probabilities for some heavy precipitation events. The way a specific attribution question is posed and the conditions under which the question is addressed present persistent challenges for appropriately communicating attribution results to non-specialists.     

建构主义学习理论对工程硕士英语教学的启示

本文总结分析了我国目前工程硕士英语教学中取得的成绩和存在的问题.基于建构主义学习理论,阐明英语学习是一个学生依靠自身已有知识结构和经验在良好的教学环境中建构知识、培养英语交际能力的过程,从而对目前工程硕士英语教学提出了教学改革的思路和具体措施.     

高职英语素质教育刍议

结合高职英语的性质和特点,围绕素质教育实施这一主题,就当前如何进行高职英语素质教育作一探讨,实现英语作为一种语言的交际功能,培养学生适应未来社会的素质和能力.     

力学与土木工程专业的力学课程教学

文章在阐述力学学科的建立和发展、力学课程在土木工程专业的地位和作用的基础上,结合我院土木工程专业力学课程教学的现状,提出了将力学教学与实践教学、毕业设计相结合的教学改革方法,以提高教学和学习的效果。     

第28-32届奥运会投掷项目运动员年龄特征发展趋势研究

通过文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法以及个案分析法对第28-32届奥运会投掷项目前12名运动员的竞技年龄从结构、性别、年龄特征等角度进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)在28-32届奥运会投掷项目中,25-30岁年龄段运动员一直是奥运会投掷项目的主力军,在1-3名以及1-12名的人数占比中,一直呈增长趋势; 31岁以上年龄段运动员对奖牌仍具有较强的竞争力,在1-3名的人数占比中,整体呈现出增长的趋势。(2)在近5届奥运会中,投掷项目在整体上1-12名运动员平均年龄呈下降趋势;前3名运动员平均年龄发展呈现出增长趋势,女子运动员的平均年龄普遍低于男子运动员。(3)投掷运动员最佳竞技年龄表现出铁饼>链球>标枪>铅球(29> 28> 27.5> 27)的现象。(4)随着科技的助力以及科学的训练理念和方法的普及,国内外部分高水平投掷运动员能够较长时间的保持个人最佳竞技状态。     

运动调节肝脏能量代谢与抑郁症发病机制研究

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍性疾病,有研究表明肝脏能量代谢障碍与抑郁症发病密切相关。运动干预作为抑郁症的一种辅助治疗手段,其效果已得到认可和证实,然而作用机制尚未完全阐明。综述以运动调节肝脏能量代谢为主线,结合抑郁症的发病机理,阐明了抑郁症肝脏线粒体能量代谢障碍和运动干预改善抑郁症及肝脏能量代谢的积极效益,为抑郁症的运动疗法提供理论依据和实践参考。     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

Water molecules bonded to the carboxylate groups at the inorganic–organic interface of an inorganic nanocrystal coated with alkanoate ligands

High-quality colloidal nanocrystals are commonly synthesized in hydrocarbon solvents with alkanoates as the most common organic ligand. Water molecules with an approximately equal number of surface alkanoate ligands are identified at the inorganic–organic interface for all types of colloidal nanocrystals studied, and investigated quantitatively using CdSe nanocrystals as the model system. Carboxylate ligands are coordinated to the surface metal ions and the first monolayer of water molecules is found to bond to the carboxylate groups of alkanoate ligands through hydrogen bonds. Additional monolayer(s) of water molecules can further be adsorbed through hydrogen bonds to the first monolayer of water molecules. The nearly ideal environment for hydrogen bonding at the inorganic–organic interface of alkanoate-coated nanocrystals helps to rapidly and stably enrich the interface-bonded water molecules, most of which are difficult to remove through vacuum treatment, thermal annealing and chemical drying. The water-enriched structure of the inorganic–organic interface of high-quality colloidal nanocrystals must be taken into account in order to understand the synthesis, processing and properties of these novel materials.     

网络舆论对伊朗突发新闻关注热点分析——以少将遇袭和导弹袭击事件中的微博为基础

本文探究网络舆论对伊朗突发新闻的关注热点,进而透过社交媒体分析网络舆论对国际热点事件的关注倾向.以含有关键词"伊朗少将遇袭"、"伊朗导弹袭击"和"伊朗"的所有微博作为研究数据,基于词频统计和LDA主题模型提取主题,从文本特征角度分析网络舆论对伊朗局势的关注热点.本研究对基于新浪微博数据检索到的文本内容进行分析发现,网络...     

批评在班级管理中的灵活应用

表扬与批评是班主任做好班级管理工作的重要手段。只有适度、适时、有效的表扬与批评,才能起到鼓励先进、鞭策后进的作用,达到既定的教育目标。因此,注重批评艺术,将各种消极因素消除在萌芽状态,显得尤为重要。一、批评的场合和时机一般来说,对于个别学生批评宜单独进行;对于那些一时不能正确认识自己的错误、比较固执的学生,可以适当在办公室进行批评,使其及时认识并改正自己的错误;对于自尊心很强又“爱面子”的学生,则应以单独聊天的方式进行批评,并创造一种轻松和谐的气氛,让其在与教师的平等交谈中认识自己的错误。只有批评一人可以教…