Bildung und Ehrenamt: Zum Einfluss von Motiven auf Investitionen in Lizenzerwerb und Lizenzverlängerung bei Übungsleitern

Volunteer coaches are an important resource for many sports clubs and their training is one of the main tasks for sports associations. Sports clubs increasingly consider the retention and recruitment of coaches as a threat to their very existence. In addition, the acquisition and extension of a coaching license requires an investment in education, which some coaches make and others do not, but which is not required at all when engaging in board positions. Using educational economics and a rational choice-based voluntary work theory, we examine the question of whether the motivational basis differs between coaches and other volunteers, whether there are differences between coaches who do invest in education and those who do not, and why coaches quit. The results confirm the assumptions underlying educational economics, but suggest that the hypotheses derived from the motivational categories in voluntary work theory are not supported. As a practical implication, it should be noted that sports clubs and sports associations can do very little to oppose the decision against a renewed investment in education and against the continuation of commitment as coaches.     

Compression garments and cerebral blood flow: Influence on cognitive and exercise performance

This study aimed to describe the effect of compression garments on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCA_v) in relation to cognitive and exercise performance whilst cycling. In a randomised-controlled-cross-over design, 15 well-trained male cyclists were recruited to participate in three identical trials wearing loose fitting shorts (control), low-grade, or medium-grade compression garments. The protocol involved four 8?min increments of cycling at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 85% maximal power output and a 4?km time-trial. Participants undertook a cognitive Stroop task at baseline and at the midpoint of each increment. MCA_v was monitored with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and partial pressure of end-tidal CO₂ (P_etCO₂) were measured throughout. MCA_v, MAP, P_etCO₂, and reaction time of the complex Stroop task were influenced by exercise intensity, but not compression garments. Compression garments significantly affected cognitive accuracy in the complex Stroop task such that low-grade compression appeared to enhance cognitive accuracy in comparison to the control condition at the highest intensity (p?=?.010). Time-trial performance did not differ between the control (338.0?±?17.3 s), low-grade (338.7?±?18.7 s), or medium-grade (342.2?±?19.3 s) conditions (p?=?.114). Compression garments did not affect MCA_v during exercise or time-trial performance, but compression may be beneficial for improved cognitive accuracy during high-intensity exercise. Further research is required to elucidate the potential impact on cognitive performance.