When a Culture Takes a Trip: Evidence of Heritage and Enculturation in Early Conceptions of Art

This study in social cognition has been focused on exploration of ways in which cultural contexts shape formation of knowledge about art in early childhood years. Focusing of the connotative rather than denotative meanings of the term art, this study was designed to examine how this concept functions in a variety of cultural contexts. The method of structured interviews was used to elicit answers of four- and five-year-old children in Canada, France, and Taiwan to questions regarding the nature of art and its salient characteristics. In particular, this study addressed questions about portability of culture and the effects of heritage and enculturation in the formation of social knowledge among individuals whose cultural identity is negotiated in the context of a ‘transplanted’ culture. Responses of francophone children in the Canadian province of Quebec were contrasted with those of their French counterparts, as well as their Canadian peers from European ancestry other than French living in the province of British Columbia. Similarly, responses of interviewees in Taiwan, ROC were compared to the reported beliefs about art of young Chinese-Canadians. The results of this study bring support to the theory of modified cultural pluralism that emphasizes the interplay between the original cultural beliefs and values and those prevalent in the societies that become new home for a transplanted culture. Implications of the study findings to art education are discussed. Research reported in this paper has been supported by a grant from the Social Studies and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the France-Canada Accord.     

以品牌为核心提升期刊国际影响力——浅谈Journal of Environmental Sciences国际化发展

【目的】以Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)获得中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划A类资助为契机,探索提升JES国际影响力的方法。【方法】分析JCR数据和JES发表数据,学习优秀国际期刊办刊经验,结合办刊实践,探索一条提升期刊国际影响力的道路。【结果】JES在编委会组建、期刊质量、国际化的投审稿系统及品牌形象等方面,进行全方位的设计与改革,取得了一定成效。【结论】以品牌建设为核心,加强期刊宣传,吸收优秀稿源,提升期刊国际影响力。     

浅谈季布故事的变更与发展——兼论《捉季布传文》对《史记》中季布故事的拓展

敦煌本《捉季布传文》的故事原型来自《史记》、《汉书》中的季布故事,由于时代的变更,社会的发展,文体文风以及受众视角的转变,使得季布故事在流传中不断加以丰富,至唐代敦煌变文其情节更加完善,人物更加丰满,不仅一改汉代史传文学简略质朴的叙事风格,而且整体变化尤为明显。探讨《捉季布传文》对《史记》中季布故事的拓展,进而探究唐代俗文学的创作视角。     

“后扶贫时代”农村学校阻贫成效评估及长效保障——基于秦巴山连片特困地区五县的实证

农村学校是贫困地区教育扶贫中的关键角色.研究基于多元贫困理论和政策文本分析,构建资源输入、内涵发展和系统改进三维12类农村学校阻贫成效评估体系.在此基础上,对秦巴山连片特困地区五县的实证调查发现,农村学校在贫困生补助、办学资金增加、设施设备改善、贫困生陪伴关怀与贫困生身心素质培养等方面的阻贫成效显著;但在优质教育资源共享、贫困生营养健康支持、学业质量提升、学校软环境与家庭观念改善等方面存在不足,特别是在农村教师直接参与社区扶贫工作等方面存在政策执行偏差.“后扶贫时代”应继续加强师资改善、校长教师培训工作,优化义务教育优质资源共享机制,整体提升农村学生营养健康水平和学业质量,合理扩展农村学校对家庭和社区的阻贫功能.     

The effects of forearm fatigue on baseball fastball pitching,with implications about elbow injury

This study investigated the contribution of flexor muscles to the forearm through fatigue; therefore, the differences in forearm mechanisms on the pitching motion in fastball were analysed. Fifteen baseball pitchers were included in this study. Ultrasonographical examination of participants’ ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel with the elbow extended and at 45°, 90° and 120° of flexion was carried. A three-dimensional motion analysis system with 14 reflective markers attached on participants was used for motion data collection. The electromyography system was applied over the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles of the dominant arm. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle activity showed a significant difference during the acceleration phase, with a peak value during fastball post-fatigue (P = 0.02). Significant differences in the distance between ulnar nerve and medial condyle on throwing arm and non-throwing arm were observed as the distance increased with the elbow movement from 0° to 120° of flexion (P = 0.01). The significant increase of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle activity might be responsible for maintaining the stability of the wrist joint. The increased diameter might compress the ulnar nerve and cause several pathological changes. Therefore, fatigue in baseball pitchers still poses a threat to the ulnar nerve because the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis all originate from the medial side of the elbow, and the swelling tendons after fatigue might be a key point.     

从《德意志意识形态》看人的发展

人是社会的根本,人的发展制约着社会的发展。个人的发展问题则是既关乎人又关乎社会的,马克思和恩格斯一直致力于人类社会的发展,他们的著作中也很重视个人的发展,透过《德意志意识形态》这篇文章可看出人的发展的相关理论。     

Identifying young gifted children and cultivating problem solving abilities and multiple intelligences

The “Enrichment Program for Cultivating Problem Solving Abilities and Multiple Intelligences for Gifted Preschoolers” (PSMIGP program) was the first enrichment program for young gifted children in Taiwan. It was an extra-curricular program that was implemented over a 3-year period. The assessment and curriculum were designed by adapting the main part of the DISCOVER curriculum.The purpose of this paper was to introduce the identification model and to analyze the participants' performance in problem solving activities and in demonstrating their special talents. To offer enrichment services for gifted young children, the researchers developed an identification model to discover more young gifted children and serve their needs in learning, regardless of the nature of their talents, disabilities, or cultural or socio-economical status. All participating young children were screened in a three-stage process that included both objective and subjective assessments, including checklists, interviews, portfolio assessment, group intelligence tests, observation in the play corner, individual intelligence tests, and structured observation activities. It was also necessary to adjust the standardized test procedure to fit the needs of twice exceptional young children.In total there were sixty-one preschoolers participated in this three-year program, including eleven twice exceptional children and one child from a new immigrant home. Among these sixty-one preschoolers, eight of them participated in two years of the program; the others only participated in one year of the program.The results of this enrichment program found significant correlations among the measurement scores; the scores of teacher assessment of problem solving abilities also showed that most students performed well on all five kinds of problem solving types. From children's archives, participating children presented scientific thinking characteristics, such as rich knowledge with fascinating imagination and the ability to seek many approaches to solving problems. They were delighted to challenge others and pleased to be challenged. The twice exceptional children also performed well in the program, especially those children with autism whose progress in social skills and group adaptability were remarkable. In sum, the researchers in this program had a belief that children, whether gifted or not, did not get the satisfaction of making progress until they had opportunities to find and develop their potentials.     

端午时节话习俗

农历五月初五端午节,是中国古老的传统节日,始于春秋战国时期,至今已有两千多年历史。由于地域广大,民族众多,加上许多故事传说,端午节不仅产生了众多相异的节名,而且各地也有着不尽相同的许多习俗。     

Pedagogy,philosophy, and the question of creativity

This paper investigates the prominence of rationalism in the major Western pedagogical theories of Plato, Rousseau, and Dewey, all of whom conceptualize formal teaching, as the inculcation of rationality in individual learners. After each of their theories has been described, the argument turns against the tradition of pedagogical rationalism to question what happens in the education of artists, quasi-artists, and creative designers. The answer given is that imagination must be paramount and strongly encouraged in the education of such students, despite the problematic fact that imagination – seeing the truth – cannot be taught the way that rationality can, relying instead on the analysis of successful works of art and design as exemplary and allowing students to freely pursue their own individual inspirations.