International Early Childhood Resources from Educational Research Abstracts (ERA)

The aim was to examine cross-cultural variation in linguistic responsiveness to young children in 10 English-speaking mother–child dyads and 10 Italian-speaking mother– child dyads. All 20 children were late talkers who possessed delays in expressive vocabulary development but age-appropriate cognitive and receptive language skills. Dyads were filmed in 15 minute free play contexts, which were transcribed and coded for measures of maternal linguistic input (e.g. rate, MLU, labels, expansions) and child language productivity (e.g. utterances, different words used). The results revealed that the Italian mothers used more utterances, spoke more quickly and used a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian mothers. The Italian children mirrored their mothers and also used more utterances and a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian children. Mothers in both groups used similar percentages of responsive labels and expansions. However, Italian mothers responded to fewer of their children's vocalisations, using a smaller percentage of imitations and interpretations than the Canadian mothers. Correlations between maternal input and children's language productivity revealed that contingent language measures (e.g. imitations, interpretations, expansions) were related to high levels of productivity in children in both cultural groups. The results support the use of language interventions based on increasing maternal responsiveness for these children at the one-word stage of language development. They also point to differences that may be culturally based. For example, Italian mothers use faster rates of interaction and appear to have higher expectations for their children's verbal participation in interaction. This is reflected in higher rates of language production from their children, even though children in both cultural groups have similar vocabulary sizes.     

我国400m跑训练应注意的10个新动向

通过献资料法，统计对比法及本人多年的训练实践，在分析大量有关资料的基础上，根据400m跑训练发展的动向，针对我国目前400m跑训练中存在的问题，提出了以“速度”为中心，以“速度耐力”和“专项力量”为两翼，以短补长，以长补短，长短互补，全面发展的训练思路。     

论体育对人的社会属性的影响

体育以它特有的方式对人的社会属性有着十分重要的影响,它培养了人的竞争意识,拓展了人的思维理念,培养了人的主体精神、团结意识及爱国热情.     

试论新体育课程的交往观

体育教学改革是体育课程改革的重点,而教学观念的更新是保证体育课程改革成功和教学质量提高的基本前提和关键.当前,我国开始了新一轮基础教育课程和体育课程改革,其中体现出了一些新的教学观念,主要之一是交往观.根据有关交往的理论探讨了体育教学中的交往观的含义、特点、意义,以及对体育教学改革的作用,有助于深化对体育教学过程本质属性的认识.     

论学校体育教育与健康教育的融合

现代社会的日益发展，人们对于体育及其健康教育的认识也产生了新的变化。从社会发展的角度，阐述体育教育与健康教育相融合的意义、必要性、可行性提出有关建议。     

中国女篮备战第14届世界锦标赛方略

本文就中国女篮参加第14届世界女子篮球锦标赛的赛前准备工作进行了初步研究，提出该队应吸取历史教训，进一步明确奋斗目标，认真分析对手情况，充分利用自身优势，努力提高防守水平并切实把心理准备抓出成效。     

Labrang Monastery： A Last Purified Land

Labrang Monastery has the strongest religious atmosphere among all the Tibetan Buddhist temples that I have visited. In Labrang Monastery, commercial influence is rarely seen here and there are not many tourists. Perhaps due to its solemn religious atmosphere, visitors are not noisy as they are in other sightseeing places. They usually peacefully observe the sacred halls, solemn religious rites and faithful monks with their eyes and camera lens. All these should be attributed to its monks w…     

Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization–hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone

An investigation has been undertaken at St Andrew’s church, Walpole St Andrew, Norfolk, to establish the underlying causes of the observed stone decay to the upper parts of the six stone piers. The stone decay was first recorded in the early 1930s. The salt-contaminated masonry within the church has been shown to undergo severe salt decay during the summer, with little damage occurring over the winter months. The south aisle piers have been shown to decay 2.5 times faster than the north aisle piers. Although crystallization–hydration cycles have been identified, the rate of decay is at its greatest when the cycling is relatively infrequent. This was not the expected trend. Furthermore, it has been shown that during extended periods where the ambient relative humidity is less than 75%, the rate of decay reaches a maximum. It is the length of this ‘drying’ period that apparently has the greatest influence on the rate of decay and could explain the significant difference in the rate of decay between the south and north aisle piers. The results have serious implications for passive conservation, where it is often recommended to lower the ambient relative humidity to well below the equilibrium relative humidity of the salt contaminant, to avoid crystallization–hydration cycles. Since, at the time of building, the church was situated on the coast, it is possible that the sodium chloride contamination occurred during the building process (1440–1520), particularly since the area was prone to sea-flooding at this time. Alternatively, the salt could have been applied as a treatment during the general restoration of 1897. Whatever the source of the salt, it seems likely that the ambient environment was changed by the insertion of a sealed floor in 1897, which could account for the onset of the salt decay.     

21世纪国际课程与教学发展趋势初探——对我国课程与教学改革的思考

作者主要就21世纪国际课程与教学在价值观、原则、目标、内容结构、评价等方面的发展趋势进行了一定的理解和把握,并据此对我国课程与教学改革中的问题作了一定的思考,以期从中得到有关指导实践的合理性认识。