Superior short-term learning effect of visual and sensory organisation ability when sensory information is unreliable in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnasts specialise in dynamic balance under sensory conditions of numerous somatosensory, visual, and vestibular stimulations. This study investigated whether adolescent rhythmic gymnasts are superior to peers in Sensory Organisation test (SOT) performance, which quantifies the ability to maintain standing balance in six sensory conditions, and explored whether they plateaued faster during familiarisation with the SOT. Three and six sessions of SOTs were administered to 15 female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 years) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 years), respectively. The gymnasts were superior to their peers in terms of fitness measures, and their performance was better in the SOT equilibrium score when visual information was unreliable. The SOT learning effects were shown in more challenging sensory conditions between Sessions 1 and 2 and were equivalent in both groups; however, over time, the gymnasts gained marginally significant better visual ability and relied less on visual sense when unreliable. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts have generally the same sensory organisation ability and learning rates as their peers. However, when visual information is unreliable, they have superior sensory organisation ability and learn faster to rely less on visual sense.     

Computerized Agility Training Improves Change-of-Direction and Balance Performance Independently of Footwear in Young Adults

Understanding the effects of training in different footwear on sporting performance would be useful to coaches and athletes. Purpose: This study compared the effects of computerized agility training using 3 types of footwear on change-of-direction and balance performance in young adults. Method: Thirty recreationally active young adults (M_age = 22.8 ± 3.1 years; M_height = 1.71 ± 0.7 m; M_bodymass = 73.4 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a 6-week computerized agility training intervention in 1 of 3 footwear groups (n = 10/group): barefoot, minimal footwear, or traditional shoes. Participants had no previous barefoot or minimal-footwear training experience. Dependent variables included change-of-direction test time to completion, Star Excursion Balance Test, and single-leg stability evaluation. Testing was performed at the start of the training program, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and at the end of the training program. Results: No group or time interactions were found for any of the dependent variables. Time main effects were observed for the performance measures of change of direction, Star Excursion, and single-leg-with-eyes-open stability evaluation. Participants improved in all 3 tests as early as 2 weeks into the intervention, with improvements continuing through the entire 6-week intervention. Conclusions: The lack of interaction and footwear effects suggests that agility and balance improvements during foot agility training are independent of footwear in a recreationally active young-adult population. Computerized agility training improves change-of-direction and balance performance within 2 weeks of training implementation. Future studies should consider footwear training effects in different populations, including frail older adults and athletes.     

Animalympics,Or How I Became a Sport Scholar

Abstract

While at first unintentional, the author’s path to becoming a sport historian has incorporated her academic trajectory of sport and German/European history along with working in the sport industry. These experiences have benefited both her scholarly research and her teaching and experiential learning opportunities for students in sport management programs.     

非法出售、提供试题、答案罪之司法适用探析

非法出售、提供试题、答案罪是指为实施考试作弊行为,向他人非法出售或者提供法律规定的国家考试的试题、答案的行为.在司法适用中,对该罪的行为对象、客观行为和犯罪主体应进行合理的界定.该罪属于行为犯,应当以行为犯为标准科学认定其犯罪的停止形态.在罪数方面,应注意该罪与相关犯罪在构成要件上的差异,只符合一罪的构成要件的,按所构成的犯罪论处;同时符合多个犯罪的构成要件的,应按想象竞合犯的处理原则论处.     

小黑药种子萌发繁殖研究

通过光照、土壤、温度三因素两水平L8(27)正交试验,得到小黑药田间种子发芽率25%-100%;光照不是种子萌发的必需条件;小黑药喜半荫和排水良好生境,喜聚群分布;山基土+低温环境是种子萌发的适宜环境组合;春季或初夏采用山基土,穴播,间距2-5 cm是小黑药较好的繁殖方式.     

Aspiration and Reflection: Sport Historians on Sport History

Abstract

Following the series of Presidential Forum conversation pieces instigated by Kevin Wamsley on the NASSH website, this piece places the context of the collection of comments and criticisms by 29 contributors to this special issue on sport historians reflecting on the field of sport history.     

体育赛事观赏型消费者权益的保护

作为体育产业中重要的部分,竞赛表演业所提供的产品和服务对于消费者的吸引程度直接影响了我国体育产业的发展.以当前体育比赛中观赏型消费者权益受到的各种损害为基础,结合消费者权益保护法等法律法规,提出购票的消费者群体应该受到消费者权益法的保护,消费者一旦发现自己的权益受到侵害,应该通过一定的法律途径去维护自己的权益,另外也应该加强相关法律或条例的完善,保护消费者权益的同时对相关责任单位的行为予以规范和惩罚.     

江西省少儿游泳业余培训的现状调查兼游泳后备人才培养的对策研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法对江西省少儿游泳业余培训的现状进行了研究,结果显示:少儿训练和文化学习存在矛盾;经验选材导致天赋运动员的缺失;少儿游泳训练参与者的动机不同导致训练效果不同;教练员整体队伍水平有待提高;客观条件制约导致项目的开展有局限性.为了促进江西省少儿游泳苗子的培养需要完善少儿文化学习和训练相结合的体制;建立科学的选材系统,加强少儿游泳的训练科学化程度;改进训练条件和环境.     

第31届奥运会中、美、英竞技实力对比分析

采用文献资料法、对比分析法、数理统计法.研究结果表明美国在获得奖牌的性别比例上男女比例基本平衡,英国呈现男性比女性多,中国女性比男性多.在获得金牌的大项目上英国比美国多,美国比中国多.我国在属于准确性和隔网对抗性的项目中优于美国和英国,在速度性、耐力性、综合性、同场对抗性项目中与美英差距较大.