College and university requirements for teachers of the deaf at the undergraduate level: a twenty-year comparison

College and university requirements for undergraduate deaf education teacher preparation programs from 1986 and 2006 were compared. Thirty percent fewer undergraduate programs were in existence in 2006 than in 1986. Compared to programs in the 1986-1987 academic year, programs in 2006-2007 placed less emphasis on course work related to speech and hearing and more emphasis on the development of sign language skills. These findings are discussed in relation to the increasing probability that future employment for program graduates will be in itinerant and resource placements within public schools with children whose hearing losses are less severe than those of children in the past.     

书写自己的生命华章

假如有人给你一支笔,一支密封的、纯色的水笔,里面有多少墨水你无法看到,很可能刚刚试着写几个字就能用干,也可能足够写一部或几部皇皇巨著,流传千古,使世事为之而改变。而这一切你在动笔之前无法知晓。     

Kinetics study on biomass pyrolysis for fuel gas production

INTRODUCTIONSincebiomassisanabundant,inexpensiveandrenewableresource ,itsconversiontosyn theticfuelsandchemicalproductsappearsat tractive.Amongallkindsofbiomassconversionroutes,pyrolysisisbeinggivenincreasingatten tionsincetheprocessissimpleandmaybeopti m…     

The Reflection of Cultural Differences in a Joint Performance

Cultureisoneofthemostdifficulttermstobewelldefined.NewWebstersDictionarysaysitisnotonly"theacquiredabilityofanindividualorapeopletorecognizeandappreciategenerallyacceptedestheticandintellectualachievementofcivilizationoraparticularstageorstagesofcivilizationasinthecaseofacertainnationorperiod"butalso"thetotalofhumanbehaviorpatternsandtechnologycommunicatedfromgene-rationtogeneration".Thelatterisananthropologicalandsociologicaldefinition,whichagreeswithLongmanModernEnglishDictionary'sthirddef…     

文化的核心

在中国,英语专业的学生通常要学很多门"外国文化"课,学得最多的是英国和美国文化概况.如今,不管是谁,只要对此加以关注,就不应该仅仅认识到文化课所传递信息的重要,更应该能明确列举出开设这些课所要达到的目标.     

Adolescent childbearing. Whose problem? What can we do?

There are a number of options that help adolescents make appropriate choices about sexual activity, pregnancy, and childbearing. Comprehensive sex education programs are a deterrent to unwanted pregnancy and early sexual activity. Educational attitudes must be changed to reflect a recognition that sexual behavior is not deviant, but a normal part of human development during the transition to adulthood. Programs to prevent unplanned pregnancies must focus on educational expectations, educational achievement, and career preparation. Provision of child care options will help adolescents stay in school. Program focus must be applicable to two groups: older and younger adolescents. Solutions offered by Claire Brindis, based on program evaluations, suggest broad guidelines and local community-specific prevention plans. The responsible expression of sexuality needs greater emphasis than has occurred in many programs, particularly those where sex education is controversial or is confined to a small amount of time. Schools have been the most responsible vehicle for provision of sex education. In addition to sexuality education and pregnancy prevention programs, programs which instill a desire for greater formal education have resulted in delayed sexual activity and childbearing. Schools can play an important role in socializing adolescents for the appropriate transition to adulthood. Schools have become less and less meaningful to adolescents. German apprenticeship programs have been successful in orienting students to jobs in real settings. The Public Service Academy in Washington, D.C., has provided similar opportunities for part-time work or internships in government. Abortion among adolescents is still a politically charged issue in the US. Many have recommended the Maryland example of designating the physician or mental health provider, instead of a judge, as the individual responsible for determining the maturity and best interests of the child in choosing abortion. Pliner and Yates have recommended parental notification laws only for adolescents aged under 15 years. Adoption, as a solution to an unwanted birth, has remained stable at about 1% among Black adolescents and has declined from 19% to 3% among White adolescents over the past 20 years. More research is needed on how to best handle the sense of abandonment and loss or feelings of irresponsibility due to the decision to put an unwanted baby up for adoption.     

基于良构和劣构问题求解的教学设计模式(下)

虽然大多数教育家认为问题求解能力是最重要的学习结果 ,但在教学设计研究中却很少涉及问题求解的教学设计问题。本文的探究力图弥补这一不足。我们认为 ,问题可以分为良构问题 (well- structured prob-lem)和劣构问题 (ill- structured problem)两大类型。良构问题是指限定性条件的问题 ,它具有明确的已知条件 ,并在已知条件范围内运用若干规则和原理来获得同一性的解决方法 ;劣构问题的特点是具有多种解决方法、解决途径和少量确定性的条件 ,这些条件不仅不易操作 ,而且包括某些不确定性因素 ,如哪些概念、规则和原理对求解方法是必要的 ,如何将它们组织起来 ,哪种解决方法最为合适等等。对于这两大类型问题 ,本文分别讨论了学习者问题求解的模式和相应的教学设计模式 ,以支持学习者问题求解技能的发展。良构问题的求解模式是以信息加工学习理论为基础的 ,而劣构问题的求解模式则是基于一种新兴的劣构问题求解理论、建构主义和情境认知学习理论。     

电视的“黄金时代”——一个企业的经历

近年来,史学家们把宣传文化也归类于那些被认为值得探索和分析研究的范畴之内。多少年来,“文化历史”一直被视为是知识分子或文人的历史,只限于那些伟大的作家和思想家之间的思想、生活交流,根本不包括那些与广大群众紧密相连的有关信息交流和传达的宣传文化。虽然,早在十九世纪四十年代,詹姆斯、格尔登、贝涅特就比拉尔夫、瓦尔登、埃梅森更为人们所熟知,然而,对先验论者的研究活动大都被视为是正传的、学究派活动。直到目前,贝涅特的一生仍然     

改进学校课程和提高教学质量

学校必须传授给学生们以符合现代科学进展、符合辩证唯物主义世界观和共产主义道德等客观实际的深刻而长期有用的知识,并且必须进行劳动教育,培养劳动习惯和爱劳动的情感。实现这一目的的途径之一就是改进普通中学的课程和教科书。在已公布的课程标准(即教学大纲)的章、节、课题的说明中预先指出了学生务必学到的要点,同时按照学校集体能力的实际情况,确定补充的或次要的内容。这一关于课程的改进是为了减轻学生的过重负担,同时也指明了所有学生可以掌握的并且必定能达到较高水平的一定量的基本教材的内容。