我国发展电子商务的问题与对策

电子商务在全球领域内蓬勃兴起,加快我国电子商务发展意义重大,本文从电子商务的内涵入手,分析了电子商务的交易流程,结合我国的实际情况,具体分析了我国发展电子的主要困难,并针对存在的困难,提出了应采取的措施。     

Measuring the returns of R&D—An empirical study of the German manufacturing sector over 45 years

Motivated by recent statistics that show significant growth in labor productivity, this paper seeks to analyze the long-term relationship between domestic R&D, knowledge stock and productivity dynamics. Time series data of the German manufacturing industry is used to estimate a variable cost function with the stock of knowledge being dependent upon current and past R&D spending. The estimates indicate that 50% of the effects of R&D on the knowledge stock appear within 4 years. However, the rate of return on R&D are shown to be drastically declining; recent rates of return on R&D are estimated to have reached an all-time low spanning the last 45 years. Current yields of R&D are only one third compared to the sixties. In conclusion, though the productivity slowdown of the seventies seems to have been overcome, this is not attributed to R&D investments.     

我国5种医药大学学报在国内外数据库中高被引论文的对比分析

【目的】 对比国内高被引论文在国外的被引情况与国外高被引论文在国内的被引情况,探讨二者的相关性,以了解国内外高被引论文的差异。【方法】 选择2017年《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》医药大学学报类综合评价总分排名前5位的期刊,选取2008—2017年各期刊在CNKI中的高被引论文共512篇及WoS中高被引论文共486篇,统计分析所选文献的被引频次等相关指标。【结果】 5种期刊的CNKI高被引论文的被引频次差异较小,而WoS高被引论文的被引频次差异较大;CNKI高被引论文的被引频次远高于WoS高被引论文的被引频次;除《南方医科大学学报》外,CNKI/WoS高被引论文的被引频次与其在WoS/CNKI中的被引频次的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】 我国5种国内学术影响力较高的医药大学学报的国际影响力均较低,这些期刊国内/外高被引论文的被引频次与其在国外/内的被引频次之间的相关性均不明显,国内外对5种期刊的引用存在差异。     

Employers’ support for adult higher education students in liberal post-socialist contexts

In most European countries, the proportion of adult students among both full-time and part-time workers has increased significantly over recent decades. Undertaking paid work is also increasingly common among traditional students. The opportunities to work while studying depend largely on the role of employers in promoting learning. However, both theoretical frameworks and empirical studies typically focus on the behaviour of firms in providing training. The support of employers for formal adult education has remained a marginal topic. The aim of this article is to analyse the contributions of employers to the acquisition of higher education from the perspective of the adult learners; we investigated how employers support their staff in higher education studies. We also tried to identify which kinds of learners have a better chance of receiving various benefits. We used two different data-sets: quantitative data from a study of adult students in higher education and qualitative data from interviews with managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises and at least one employed participant in formal adult education, collected in the framework of the international research project Towards a Lifelong Learning Society in Europe: The Contribution of the Education System supported by the EU Sixth Framework Programme.     

Getting Round to Clarity: What Do We Mean by Circle Time?

The use of circle time is becoming increasingly widespread in this country, but what exactly it involves and should achieve is subject to a wide range of interpretations. Such a situation can make the identification of what should count as good or appropriate practice very hard to undertake. This paper describes three examples of the development of circle time in other countries. These models are used as a means of critically reflecting on practice here. Some key points raised are the importance of the relationship between theory and practice and between specific processes and their outcomes. Lack of evaluative research and adequate training are also identified as significant issues.     

张家界旅游收入与经济增长的实证分析

在湖南张家界市2000年~2015年旅游人数、旅游收入与GDP的数据基础上,分析了张家界市16年的旅游人数、旅游收入与GDP的变化趋势与增长情况,利用灰色关联度理论,实证出张家界市16年的旅游人数、旅游收入与GDP的变化趋势具有同步性,旅游人数、旅游收入与GDP的灰色关联度系数分别为0.82、0.71。进一步,对张家界市旅游产业所存在的问题提出一些建议与措施。     

浅谈学习策略在远程教育中的应用策略

在远程教育中,大多数学习者都面临着工作压力或是家庭负担,而且与教师之间长期分离,基本上都是自主学习。因此,能否掌握并运用较好的学习策略,决定了他们的学习效率与效果。本文从论证学习策略的重要性入手,针对远程学习者的学习特征,给出一些基本的学习策略,希望对远程学习者有所帮助。     

中文本体三元组的单字索引与更新方法研究

以实现中文本体三元组的快速索引和更新为目的,首先分析中文本体的知识结构,并通过OWL建模语言将其内部的各种知识单元转换成关系三元组和属性三元组构成的知识网络;然后利用《通用规范汉字表》对体现实体间语义信息的关系三元组进行编码,形成主语前缀和宾语前缀索引表,同时对描述实体特征的属性三元组进行编码,形成主语前缀和主语后缀索引表;接下来详细论述关系和属性三元组的更新方法;最后选取多个本体文件对三元组的汉字索引和更新方法进行测试和分析.结果表明,单字索引能够有效地减少本体三元组的更新和检索时间.     

Binary Interpolative Coding for Effective Index Compression

Information retrieval systems contain large volumes of text, and currently have typical sizes into the gigabyte range. Inverted indexes are one important method for providing search facilities into these collections, but unless compressed require a great deal of space. In this paper we introduce a new method for compressing inverted indexes that yields excellent compression, fast decoding, and exploits clustering—the tendency for words to appear relatively frequently in some parts of the collection and infrequently in others. We also describe two other quite separate applications for the same compression method: representing the MTF list positions generated by the Burrows-Wheeler Block Sorting transformation; and transmitting the codebook for semi-static block-based minimum-redundancy coding.