The psychoanalytic view of teaching and learning, 1922–2002

Various psychoanalysts have written about the implications of psychoanalytic theory for teaching and learning. Although many curriculum scholars have offered their personal interpretations of the relevance of psychoanalytic theory to education, there is very little in the educational literature about what psychoanalysts themselves have had to say about the acts of teaching and learning since the rise (and, some would suggest, decline) of psychoanalysis over the last century. This study examines a wide range of educational themes that emerge from a reading of various psychoanalysts over the last eight decades. In general, the psychoanalysts argue that, in order to be existentially authentic, teaching and learning must involve the teacher and student in all their psychodynamic complexity as emotional and ethical beings. I also examine the psychodynamic concepts of transference, counter‐transference, and object relations in some depth because they have figured prominently in psychoanalytic discourse about education.     

Moral Education at Religious Research Universities: Exploring Faculty Attitudes

This article presents the results and an analysis of 1,728 survey responses from faculty at four top tier religious research universities regarding their support for moral and civic education. The results demonstrate that a majority of faculty members at these schools supported both the general goals of moral and civic education and specific suggestions for integrating moral and civic education into the curriculum. Nonetheless, three major concerns emerged about its actual implementation into the curriculum.     

A psychological pattern of anxiety in public speaking

In previous research, a physiological pattern of speech anxiety has been established for the periods before, during, and after delivering a public speech. However, no corresponding psychological pattern has been reported. Although strong correlations between psychological and physiological measures have not been found, it seemed reasonable to expect public speakers to exhibit a psychological pattern of speech anxiety similar to the physiological pattern. The results of this study support that hypothesis. The observed pattern is a monotonic function decreasing from the beginning of the speech through the post speech period.     

Everyman a scop: The shape of undergraduate curriculum

THE COSTS AND RESOURCES OF LEGAL EDUCATION by Peter deL. Swords and Frank K. Walwer. New York: Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Columbia University Press, 1974. x + 345 pp. $15.00.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN AMERICA by Algo D. Henderson and Jean Glidden Henderson. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, Publishers, 1974. xi + 282 pp. Bibliography and index. $12.50.

THE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED edited by Earl J. Ogletree. 2 vols. New York: MSS Information Corporation, 1973, 1974. 402 pp.; 313 pp.

NOT FOREVER ON EARTH: PREHISTORY OF MEXICO by Shirley Gorenstein, with photographs by Lee Boltin. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975. xvi + 134 pp. $7.95.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE by Robert S. Palinchak. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1973. 373 pp. $10.00.

SHAPING THE AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL STATE: 1900 TO THE PRESENT edited by Clarence J. Karier. New York: The Free Press, 1975. xxiv + 439 pp. $10.95 cloth; $5.95 paper.

UNIVERSITIES IN THE URBAN CRISIS by Thomas P. Murphy. Cambridge, Mass.: University Press, 1975. xix + 418 pp. $16.50.     

Maintaining a Social‐Emotional Intervention and Its Benefits for Institutionalized Children

This article reports the maintenance of one of the largest interventions conducted in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation) orphanages for children birth to 4 years using regular caregiving staff. One orphanage received training plus structural changes, another training only, and a third business as usual. The intervention produced substantial differences between these institutions on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory and on the Battelle Developmental Inventory scores for children. These institutional differences in HOME scores (N = 298) and Battelle scores for children (N = 357) departing the institutions for families in St. Petersburg and the United States were maintained for at least 6 years after the intervention project. This result may be associated with certain features of the intervention and activities conducted during the follow‐up interval.     

A transpersonal model for teacher reflectivity

The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in scholarship relating to teacher reflectivity. Typically, 'reflectivity', in this context, refers to teachers' critical examination of the political and biographical factors that have led them to teaching and have been instrumental in defining their internal models of what defines good practice. However, the literature on reflective teacher education rarely delves into what may be called 'spiritual reflectivity' - or the exploration of deeper ontological commitments and constructs regarding teaching. In this essay, I discuss how, as a teacher educator, I have drawn from a Buddhist developmental model to deepen my spiritual reflectivity as a teacher.     

SHORT‐TERM PROGRAMS ON DEATH AND DYING AND AGING: A REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE

Agencies and institutions dealing with the elderly have only limited time, money, and personnel with which to plan and implement educational programs. Yet a basic knowledge of aging and death and dying seems to be essential for those working with older adults. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on short‐term educational programs on death and dying and aging in order to offer practitioners some guidance for efficiently structuring programs to bring about desired changes in these areas. From 15 selected studies, 3 aspects of such programs are reviewed and analyzed: the length of the intervention, the type of treatment, and the nature of the target group involved.     

The Relationship Between Universities and Black Urban Communities: The Clash of Two Cultures

This article is a theoretical discussion of the cultural dynamics that shape the relationship between universities and black urban communities. It is argued that universities have a responsibility to address inner-city problems. However, the social relationships between academic institutions and urban communities are impeded as a result of cultural differences. Cultural, social, and power theories are employed to construct a framework for exploring the factors that impede positive interactions between universities and black urban communities. The article concludes by linking the renewed American discourse on civility to the public service mission of higher education and its relevance to urban communities.