Revisiting the impact of part-time work on adolescent adjustment: distinguishing between selection and socialization using propensity score matching

The impact of part-time employment on adolescent functioning remains unclear because most studies fail to adequately control for differential selection into the workplace. The present study reanalyzes data from L. Steinberg, S. Fegley, and S. M. Dornbusch (1993) using multiple imputation, which minimizes bias in effect size estimation, and 2 types of propensity score matching, to account for selection effects. In this sample (N = 1,792; Grades 10-11, M = 16.26), youth who begin working more than 20 hr per week evince declines in school engagement and increases in substance use and delinquency compared with youth who remain unemployed. Conversely, working 20 hr or less a week has negligible effects, positive or negative, on academic, psychological, or behavioral outcomes.     

Family rearing antecedents of pubertal timing

Two general evolutionary hypotheses were tested on 756 White children (397 girls) studied longitudinally: (1) rearing experiences would predict pubertal timing; and (2) children would prove differentially susceptible to rearing. Analysis of pubertal measurements, including some based on repeated physical assessments, showed that mothering and fathering, earlier and later in childhood, predicted pubertal development, but only for girls, with negative parenting appearing most influential; maternal harsh control predicted earlier menarche. Rearing effects varied by infant negative emotionality, proving stronger (and opposite) for girls who in infancy were lower rather than higher in negativity. Maternal menarche, controlled in all analyses, was a stronger predictor than rearing. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, genetic and nutritional influences, and sample restrictions.     

The professional report in initial teacher training in France

While the IUFM (University Institutes for Teachers' Training) are going to become part of universities, this article questions one of the bases validating the teachers' training: the professional report. This assessment concerns exercising teachers in having a critical mind towards their practical experience, because its purpose is to prepare teachers to adapt to the different types of pupils they are going to teach. This is the reason why the Government can only define this assessment briefly, even if they want to have better control over the teachers' training. To be precise concerning this assessment, the Government has to trust the teachers' trainers' control and the latter are only lightly encouraged. Despite the positive opinion expressed by specialists, this assessment could disappear because the Government favours a training efficient in a short‐term period and ignores the analyses which would take long‐term needs into account.

Alors que les IUFM (Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres) vont être intégrés à l'université, cet article questionne un des piliers de la validation de la formation des enseignants qui semble être remis en question: l'épreuve du «mémoire professionnel». Cette épreuve a pour but d'exercer les enseignants à porter un regard critique sur leur pratique, car sa finalité est de les préparer à s'adapter à la diversité des publics scolaires qu'ils rencontreront. C'est la raison pour laquelle l'Etat, malgré sa volonté de contrôler davantage la formation des enseignants, ne peut que définir l'épreuve de manière sommaire. Pour la préciser, il doit accorder sa confiance à une régulation effectuée par les formateurs, qu'il n'encourage cependant que modestement. Cette épreuve, malgré le regard positif que les spécialistes portent sur elle, pourrait même disparaître car l'État privilégie les modalités de formation efficaces sur le court terme, en ignorant les analyses qui intégreraient les besoins sur le plus long terme.

Zum Zeitpunkt der Integrierung der Lehrerausbildung des IUFM (Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres) in die Universität, stellt dieser Artikel stellt das Problem der Anerkennung der Lehrerausbildung und der Lehrerprüfung : die sogenannte “berufliche Diplomarbeit” welche mittlerweile in Frage gestellt wird. Diese Prüfung hat das Ziel den Lehrern zu helfen über ihre Praxis nachzudenken ausüben, und sie auf die Unterschiede des Schülerpublikums vorzubereiten. Aus diesem Grund kann der Staat die Prüfung nur global definieren, auch wenn er die Lehrerausbildung mehr kontrollieren will. Um diese Prüfung klarzustellen, muss der Staat der durchgeführten Regulierung der Dozenten vertrauen, Regulierung die jedoch ganz bescheiden gefördert wird. Trotz dem positifen Ruf dieser Prüfung bei den Späzialisten, wäre es möglich dass sie verlorengeht, denn der Staat bevorzugt eine kurzfristig effektive Ausbildung, und ignoriert die Analyse der langfristige Bedürfnisse.

Mientras los Institutos Universitarios de Formación de los Profesores van a ser integrados en la Universidad, este articulo provoca cuestiones a propósito de un sostén fundamental en la validación de la formación del profesorado : la probatura del ‘alegato profesional’. La finalidad de aquella probatura es que el profesorado se adiestre a volver ojos críticos a su práctica profesional, preparandoles a ajustarse a los varios públicos escolares que van a encontrar. Por ello, con ser acuicioso de controlar todavía mas la formación de los profesores, el Ministerio sólo puede dar una compendiosa definición de aquella probatura. Para determinarla, tiene que esperar en una regulación realizada por el mismo magisterio, mientras que la enfervoriza con poco celo. A pesar del interés que presenta para los especialistas, podría aun desaparecer aquella probatura porque el Estado privilegia modos de formación inmediatamente operativos en vez de tomar en consideración estudios integrando necesidades diuturnas.     

The Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits,Psychosocial Maturity,and Delinquent Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for severe and persistent patterns of juvenile delinquency. Given the influence of CU trait assessments in justice-system settings, it is important to determine whether the predictive utility of CU traits is conditional on the absence of protective psychosocial factors. Employing a sample of justice-involved male youth (N = 1,216, M_age = 15.29), this study examined whether psychosocial maturity (PSM) outweighs or attenuates the effect of CU traits on delinquency. Results indicated that youth with high CU traits or low PSM offended more during the year following their first arrest. Additionally, PSM moderated the relation between CU traits and offending, such that higher PSM was associated with less offending but only among low CU youth.     

Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives

The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 times greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed towards the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for shoulder problems.     

Archives in motion: Concrete steps towards the digital disclosure of audiovisual content

Various authors have stressed the need for an adequate archiving and preservation policy of audiovisual material, given its cultural, historical, juridical, social and economic value. In view of the sustainable preservation of audiovisual material, the opening up of the archive is seen as a real challenge. Various aspects, such as requirements concerning formats, metadata standards and legal implications, need to be taken into account. Furthermore, different types of users should be able to consult the archive in a user-friendly way, a factor which should not be neglected. This article studies and discusses the current situation in Flanders regarding the digitisation and disclosure of the Flemish audiovisual cultural heritage, comprising the audiovisual material in the archives of different Flemish institutions, including broadcasters, (post-) production companies, government institutions and cultural organizations. Based on 45 qualitative interviews, a SWOT analysis is created to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats concerning the digitisation and disclosure of the audiovisual archive. Moreover, this environmental analysis includes some recommendations concerning the future preservation of this audiovisual cultural heritage.