In vitro antioxidant activity of phenolic-enriched extracts from Zhangping Narcissus tea cake and their inhibition on growth and metastatic capacity of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells

Phenolics, as the main bioactive compounds in tea, have been suggested to have potential in the prevention of various human diseases. However, little is known about phenolics and their bioactivity in Zhangping Narcissue tea cake which is considered the most special kind of oolong tea. To unveil its bioactivity, three phenolic-enriched extracts were obtained from Zhangping Narcissue tea cake using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Their main chemical compositions and in vitro bioactivity were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The ethyl acetate fraction (ZEF) consisted of higher content of phenolics, flavonoids, procyanidins, and catechin monomers (including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG)) than n-butanol fraction (ZBF) and water fraction (ZWF). ZEF exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity in vitro due to its abundant bioactive compounds. This was validated by Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering analyses. ZEF also showed a remarkable inhibition on the growth, migration, and invasion of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells.     

Professional experience: learning from the past to build the future

The title of the 2014 Australian Teacher Education Association (ATEA) conference was Teacher Education, An Audit: Building a platform for future engagement. One of the conference themes was Professional Experience: What works? Why? I seized upon this theme and the title of the conference as it afforded me an opportunity to do an audit of my research in professional experience over the last 25 years. This article presents this evidence base and the messages I have taken from this evidence. I have done this in the hope that, by collating some of the insights gained from the past and the present, it will help to “build a platform for future engagement” in professional experience. In preparing this article I was asked by the Editors to reflect also on how I developed my distinctive line of inquiry and expertise in relation to the practicum across an extended period. These reflections are included. I hope they will support university-based teacher educators in enhancing their satisfaction and achievements from working in this stimulating and provocative field of study.     

跨文化意识在旅游景点英语翻译中的运用

旅游景点英语翻译是一种跨文化交际,运用于景点名称的翻译,让国外游客更容易理解景点的文化内涵;景点导游词的选择,能使导游词显得亲切、易懂、生动,富有人情味;对景点中的历史人物和历史事件的翻译,让国外游客快速、准确地了解与景点相关的历史人物和所发生的历史事件;景点翻译的文化信息处理,能将文化信息准确地传递给国外游客,有效地消解跨文化冲突。     

Risk factors for the perpetration of child sexual abuse: a review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: Since the late 1980s, there has been a strong theoretical focus on psychological and social influences of perpetration of child sexual abuse. This paper presents the results of a review and meta-analysis of studies examining risk factors for perpetration of child sexual abuse published since 1990. METHOD: Eighty-nine studies published between 1990 and April of 2003 were reviewed. Risk factors were classified into one of the following six broad categories: family factors, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, social deficits, sexual problems, and attitudes/beliefs. Sex offenders against children (SOC) were compared to three comparison groups identified within the 89 studies: sex offenders who perpetrated against adults (SOA), non-sex offenders, and non-offenders with no history of criminal or sexual behavior problems. RESULTS: Results for the six major categories showed that SOC were not different from SOA (all d between -.02 and .14) other than showing lower externalizing behaviors (d=-.25). Sex offenders against children were somewhat different from non-sex offenders, especially with regard to sexual problems and attitudes (d=.83 and .51). Sex offenders against children showed substantial differences from non-offenders with medium sized effects in all six major categories (d's range from .39 to .58). CONCLUSION: Child sex offenders are different from non-sex offenders and non-offenders but not from sex offenders against adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that the presence of general risk factors may lead to a variety of negative behavioral outcomes, including the perpetration of child sexual offending. Family factors were strongly related to the perpetration of child sex offending (vs. non-sexual offending or non-offending) and may be valuable intervention points for interrupting the development of child sex offending, as well as other negative behaviors. Other potential points for intervention may focus on the development of appropriate social and emotional skills that contribute to sexual offending.     

在后现代知识观的视野下思考人的发展——从新课程改革关注学生的发展谈起

新课程改革中体现了关注学生发展的思想,同时,它倡导的后现代知识现蕴涵了主体性、动态性两个主要的基本特征。从后现代知识观的这两个主要基本特征出发,在后现代知识观的视野下思考人的发展,是探讨后现代知识观的根本着眼点。     

论农村土地政策在农村人力资源开发中的作用

在对我国丰富的农村人力资源的开发过程中 ,农村土地政策始终是一个关键因素。如果党和政府制定的农村土地政策符合农村人事矛盾的发展要求 ,它就会积极促进农村人力资源的开发与利用 ;反之 ,则会阻碍甚至破坏农村人力资源的正常开发与利用。在 2 1世纪我们必须贯彻正确的农村土地政策 ,保证农村人力资源的有效开发 ,积极促进农村社会经济的健康发展。     

物权行为理论若干问题探析

物权行为理论自其诞生起就褒贬不一，在我国，对该理论本身有许多问题需要澄清。对法律行为的成立，立法应采自由主义，所以登记或交付为物权行为的生效要件。物权行为是法律行为的一种，物权行为可以并应适用法律行为的一系列规则。物权行为与债权行为相独立而存在是客观事实，但物权行为的独立性与无因性并无必然联系，虽然物权行为无因性的缺陷并不存在，可是否采纳物权行为无因性是一国立法选择问题。     

Aligning assessment with the needs of work-integrated learning: the challenges of authentic assessment in a complex context

Abstract

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is a feature of university courses, both in professional areas, where it is commonplace, but also across many different disciplines. Assessment of WIL can be complex as it involves parties and settings external to the university, and it can be problematic because of difficulties in aligning learning activities during placements with what is or can be assessed by the university. This paper explores the relationship between students’ placement experiences and accompanying assessments in contexts where activities are tightly coupled with the curriculum, and in those where it is not. It draws on a qualitative analysis of student interviews and drawings by the interviewees of their WIL experiences, supplemented with analysis of unit guides. Our findings highlight that students’ perceptions of authenticity of assessment were undermined by misalignments between the student, university and industry. Assessment authenticity was perceived by students as based on alignment between their current and future selves in the assessment process, involvement of industry supervisors and relevance of placement activities to assessment activities. The paper discusses the complexity of coordination of educational activities with external partners, especially when one party drives assessment. It then suggests a reframing of WIL assessment to promote alignment and authenticity.     

Learned suppression of photopositive tendencies in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila melanogaster</Emphasis>

A task was designed to teach individual flies to avoid a lighted area after they had displayed an initial preference for it. The flies walked in a T-maze and chose between a lighted and a darkened alley leading, respectively, to a lighted and a darkened vial. Flies that were photopositive on a first trial were subjected to an aversive stimulus (a filter paper inserted into the lighted vial and wetted with a quinine solution), and they performed 16 training trials; they learned to avoid the lighted vial. The flies trained with water instead of quinine in the lighted vial still displayed avoidance of the lighted vial, but to a lesser extent. The flies trained with a dry filter paper in the lighted vial did not show any increase in avoidance during training. Like the flies trained with no quinine at all, those trained to avoid the lighted vial under a partial reinforcement condition (one half of the trials with quinine, the other half with a dry vial) did not master the task. Finally, removal of the quinine after an avoidance acquisition criterion was reached resulted in an extinction process.     

竞技体育资源向体育公共服务转化的途径探析

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,从竞技体育资源的概念出发对其特征进行讨论;结合体育公共服务的概念及分类,对竞技体育资源向体育公共服务转化的内容和有效途径进行分析讨论.研究认为,竞技体育资源可以分别以指导服务、设施服务、公共活动服务和信息服务等为内容向体育公共服务进行转化,并通过相关转化机制建设,加强场地设施规划管理,强化明星示范带头作用,深化区域间合作和区域竞技体育资源利用等途径来提升竞技体育资源向体育公共服务转化的有效性.