发展成人教育需要社会教育事业与管理的支持--从我国近代发展社会教育的几点经验谈起

社会教育事业与管理是我国从传统教化向近代教育转型过程中所出现的重要教育课题。它承继古代的教化传统,吸取国外社会教育管理的优良经验,并以学制以外的各种教育管理形式而定位,对于近代以来成人教育的开发,成人道德的提高以及“民风”、“民俗”的改良起到了重要的作用。近代发展社会教育事业与管理的经验启示我们：要重视社会教育事业与管理的研究,要重视整理、规范与创新社会教育事业,要通过发展社会教育事业与管理来拉动和满足全体“成人”对教育的需求,以整合社会学习资源,推动学习型社会的形成。     

我国高等教育质量观的多元化思考

高等教育大众化和终身教育体系的形成，对我国高等教育质量观提出了新的要求，对高等教育质量观的科学涵义要有正确的认识。当前我国在高等教育质量观上从评价内容、评价目标、评价机构方面还存在着带有精英教育时期特征的各种误区。坚持树立科学发展的高等教育质量观，进行正确的多元化构建，是促进高等教育质量评价机制运行的有效途径。     

死刑复核程序有限正当论

最高人民法院已于今年初收回死刑核准权并统一行使,本文力图从刑事诉讼正当程序理论入手,探讨在我国死刑正当程序建立之前,分析死刑复核程序客观存在的有限正当性。     

中国古代人口质量观初探

人口问题是关系到一个国家或地区经济与社会可持续发展的大问题，而人口质量则是构成人口问题的重要内容之一，中国古代人口思想相当丰富，挖掘其理论宝库，特别是吸取和总结中国古代思想家们有关人口质量的问题的论述，对于我国目前控制人口数量，提高人口素质，不无一定的借鉴作用。     

从玉茗堂到咏怀堂——阮大铖与临川派

在晚明思想解放运动的时代背景下，阮大铖秉心学末流之弊，又受佛家六相圆融观念的影响，同时为传统功名思想所驱使，从而形成实用型人格，失去基本的是非善恶标准，一切以自我为中心，为达目的，不择手段。在临川派作家中，阮大铖是将剧作的学性与舞台性结合得最为成功的一人，其传奇作品执着于人世的悲欢，藉佛老思想达成与现实世界的妥协，在某种程度上反映出阮氏的思想特征，而与汤显祖、吴炳、孟称舜等临川派诸家大异其趣。     

论畲族文献资源数据库的构建

在分析建立畲族文献资源数据库之必要性与可行性的基础上,论述了畲族文献资源数据库的构建框架和内容,并对如何着手构建问题作了探讨。     

关于琵琶史中竖抱指弹的起因探微

琵琶演奏在唐代是以拨弹横抱为主流。本文在三个方面阐述了拨弹琵琶被指弹琵琶所取代的原因 ,1 .乐器发展的竞争规律决定了这一点 ;2 .琵琶弦的改进是废拨弹改用指弹的重要原因之一 ;3 .思想意识的转变及民族化的影响。     

Promoting cognitive and social aspects of inquiry through classroom discourse

We investigated how Chinese physics teachers structured classroom discourse to support the cognitive and social aspects of inquiry-based science learning. Regarding the cognitive aspect, we examined to what extent the cognitive processes underlying the scientific skills and the disciplinary reasoning behind the content knowledge were taught. Regarding the social aspect, we examined how classroom discourse supported student learning in terms of students' opportunities to talk and interaction patterns. Our participants were 17 physics teachers who were actively engaged in teacher education programs in universities and professional development programs in local school districts. We analyzed one lesson video from each participating teacher. The results suggest both promises and challenges. Regarding the cognitive aspect of inquiry, the teachers in general recognized the importance of teaching the cognitive processes and disciplinary reasoning. However, they were less likely to address common intuitive ideas about science concepts and principles. Regarding the social aspect of inquiry, the teachers frequently interacted with students in class. However, it appeared that facilitating conversations among students and prompting students to talk about their own ideas are challenging. We discuss the implications of these findings for teacher education programs and professional development programs in China.     

Removal of Toluene by Adsorption/Desorption Using Ultra-stable Y Zeolite

The adsorption performance of toluene on ultra-stable Y zeolite(USY) was studied via dynamic adsorption. The effects of bed temperature, initial concentration, and feed flow rate on adsorption were investigated. The Yoon–Nelson model was used to fit the toluene breakthrough curves. The length of mass transfer zone was calculated based on breakthrough curves. The Langmuir–Freundlich model fit the adsorption isotherms of toluene on USY, which indicated that the surface of USY was heterogeneous. The adsorption isosteric heat calculated from adsorption isotherms ranged from 54.3 to 69.8 kJ/mol, indicating physical adsorption. The combined technique of temperature swing adsorption with vacuum swing adsorption(TVSA) exhibited excellent desorption performance, which was attributed to the low desorption activation energy. Under optimized TVSA conditions, the desorption rate of toluene reached 90.6% within 10 min. The long-term cyclic utilization results indicated that the adsorption capacity of USY was stable.     

Complementary feeding patterns among ethnic groups in rural western China

Objective

This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China.

Methods

In 2005, a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 9712 children (7411 Han, 1032 Uygur, 678 Tibetan, and 591 Zhuang) between 6 and 35 months of age and their mothers from 45 counties in 10 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in western China.

Results

The rates of early introduction (before 6 months) of complementary foods in four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) were 71.30%, 95.95%, 82.40%, and 72.30%, respectively. The Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) for Uygur and Tibetan children was lower than that for Han children at all age groups. Uygur children were more likely to have unqualified ICFI compared with Han children in a multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio (OR)=5.138, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.340–6.084). A higher level of maternal education, greater family wealth, and the availability of complementary feeding educational materials decreased the likelihood of an unqualified ICFI. The nutritional status of children (Han, Tibetan, and Zhuang) with qualified ICFI was better than that for children with unqualified ICFI.

Conclusions

Appropriate interventions are required to improve complementary feeding practices in rural western China.