Physiological Correlates of Female Road Racing Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between female distance running performance on a 10 km road race and body composition, maximal aerobic power ([Vdot]O_{2 max} ), running economy (steady-state [Vdot]O₂ at standardized speeds), and the fractional utilization of [Vdot]O_2max at submaximal speeds (% [Vdot]O_2max ). The subjects were 14 trained and competition–experienced female runners. The subjects averaged 43.7 min on the 10 km run, 53.0 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 on [Vdot]O_2max , and 33.9, 37.7, and 41.8 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 for steady-state [Vdot]O₂ at three standardized running paces (177, 196, and 215 m · min^?1). The mean values for fractional utilization of aerobic capacity for these three submaximal speeds were 64.3, 71.4, and 79.3% [Vdot]O_2max , respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) relationships with performance were found for [Vdot]O_2max (r = ?0.66) and % [Vdot]O_2max at a standardized speed (r = 0.65). No significant (p > 0.05) relationships were found between running performance and either running economy or relative body fat. As with male heterogeneous groups, trained female road racing performance is significantly related to [Vdot]O_2max and % [Vdot]O_2max , but not related to body composition or running economy. It was further concluded that on a 10 km road race, trained females operate at a % [Vdot]O_2max similar to that of their trained male counterparts.     

CBQ Currents Topical Essays About Contemporary Issues

COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION IN THE BROADCASTING INDUSTRY by Stanley Besen and Leland Johnson (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1986—$7.50, paper)

Museum of Broadcasting, a guide to their published program catalogs

1986 TELEVISION FINANCIAL REPORT, and 1986 RADIO FINANCIAL REPORT by Cynthia Stanley (Washington, DC: National Association of Broadcasters, 1986—price not given, but about $100 each, spiral bound)     

Law and Policy

NEW YORK TIMES v. SULLIVAN: THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS (March 1984, Handbook 250, 760 pp.)

CAMPAIGN '84: ADVERTISING AND PROGRAMMING OBLIGATIONS OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA (September 1983, Handbook 165, 512 pp.)

COMMUNICATIONS LAW 1983 (November 1983, Handbook 169, 1008 and 880 pp. in two volumes)

MEDIA ABUSES: RIGHTS AND REMEDIES—A GUIDE TO LEGAL REMEDIES edited by Timothy Brown. al. (The Media Institute, 3017 M St., N.W., Washir DC 20007---$25.00)

CHRONOLOGY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND CABLE TELEVISION REGULATION IN THE UNITED STATES (Harvard Program on Information Resources Policy, 200 Aiken, Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02138---apply for price, paper)

AN ANALYSIS OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION'S GROUP OWNERSHIP RULES by Stanley M. Besen and Leland L. Johnson (Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Note N-2097-MF, January 1984---price not given, paper)

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC POLICY AND MARKETING, edited by Thomas C. Kinnear (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, 1983---price not given, paper)

BROADCASTING AND GOVERNMENT (National Association of Broadcasters, 1771 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036---$49.95-make checks payable to TARPEC)     

Telecommunications

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ALTERNATIVES FOR FEDERAL USERS: MARKET TRENDS AND DECISIONMAKING CRITERIA by Leland Johnson et al. (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, R-3355-NSF, 1985—$20.00)

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED RAND PUBLICATIONS (titles as follows—free on request, paper) include SB-1020 on communication satellites (19 pp.)

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THE COMPUTER SECURITY HANDBOOK by Richard H. Baker (Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Tab Professional and Reference Books, 1985—$25.00)

BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS by David A. Stamper (Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, 1986—price not given)

BEHIND THE TELEPHONE DEBATES 5: INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORKS (ISDN): CONCEPTS AND ISSUES IN THE U.S. AND JAPAN by Masanao Tanase (Program on Information Resourcews Policy, 200 Aiken, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138—price not given, paper)     

International Communication

TRACING NEW ORBITS: COOPERATION AND COMPETITION IN GLOBAL SATELLITE DEVELOPMENT edited by Donna A. Demac (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986—$35.00)

ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS: GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF COMSAT by Leland L. Johnson (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 1987—price not given, paper)

TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS edited by Anne G. Keatley (1985—$19.95, paper, 306 pp.)

THE COMPETITIVE STATUS OF THE U.S. ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY: A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCES OF TECHNOLOGY IN DETERMINING INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (1984—$10.95, 126 pp.)

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER edited by John R. McIntyre and Daniel S. Papp (Westport, CT: Quorum Books/Greenwood Press, 1986—$45.00)

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE USA by Albert Teich and Jill Pace (Detroit: Gale Research, 1986—$95)     

Commercial science, scientists’ values, and university biotechnology research agendas

Policies designed to promote the commercialization of university science have provoked concern that basic and publicly accessible research may be neglected. Commercialization policies have altered traditional institutional incentives and constraints, which raises new questions regarding the influence of scientists’ values on university research agendas. Our research builds on previous quantitative studies measuring changes in research outcomes and qualitative studies probing differentiation among scientists’ value orientations. We developed a nation-wide survey of 912 plant and animal biotechnology scientists at 60 research universities. Our analysis reveals that scientists’ value orientations on what we classify as “market” and “expert” science affect the amount of industry funding they receive, the proprietary nature of their discoveries, and the percentage of basic science research conducted in their laboratories. We also find that the percentage of industry funding is significantly associated with more applied research. Our findings provide insights for science and society theory and suggest that strong incentives for public-science research along with adequate public-research funds to preserve the university's vital role in conducting basic and non-proprietary research are needed to complement private-sector research investments at universities.     

JPEE Book Reviews

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability -