埃及王子

【获奖奖项】奥斯卡最佳音乐奖;两项金球奖(最佳电影原创音乐,最佳歌曲) 【剧组阵容】导演:布兰达·查普曼(Brenda Chapman); 史蒂文·希克纳(Steve Hickner); 西蒙·威尔斯(Simon Wells) 配音演员:瓦尔·奇尔默(Val Kilmer); 拉尔夫·菲纳斯(Ralph Fiennes);     

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Cerenkov Radiation

It is shown that in the case of charged beams of finite dimensions and/or finite electromagnetic wave-guiding structures, the condition v&c/n is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for generation of Cerenkov radiation. Depending upon the modulation, size and geometry of the beams, and dimensions of the wave-guiding structures, selected lines can be eliminated from the radiation spectrum. Since the lines in the spectrum are size and geometry dependent it is suggested that the analysis of the Cerenkov radiation spectrum may be utilized in the determination of sizes and shapes of charged particles.     

Pathways of China's PM2.5 air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality

Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM_2.5) air pollution in recent years, primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions. However, reaching the level of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action. Here, we assess pathways of Chinese PM_2.5 air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways (i.e. global 2°C- and 1.5°C-pathways, National Determined Contributions (NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies. We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals (peak emissions) and PM_2.5 air quality annual standard (35 μg/m³) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies. However, the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030, and reducing PM_2.5 exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m³ by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China''s carbon neutrality goals and global 1.5°C-pathways. Our results thus highlight that China''s carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health.     

Maltreatment following reunification: Predictors of subsequent Child Protective Services contact after children return home

ObjectivesThis study examined risk of maltreatment among children exiting foster care using a statewide sample of children reunified between 2001 and 2004 in Rhode Island. The objectives were: (1) to compare rates of maltreatment following parental reunification for youth in care as a result of maltreatment with those in care for other reasons; and (2) to assess the effects of child, family, and case characteristics on rates of re-maltreatment among children placed in foster care due to maltreatment.MethodA longitudinal dataset of all reunified cases was matched with state records of substantiated Child Protective Service (CPS) investigations. Two Cox proportional hazards models were tested. The first model compared rates of subsequent maltreatment for two groups: children in foster care as a result of maltreatment, and those in care for other reasons. The second model investigated the effects of child, family, and case characteristics on re-maltreatment rates for those in care as a result of maltreatment.ResultsChildren in foster care due to maltreatment were significantly more likely to be maltreated following reunification. Among children in foster care due to maltreatment, factors that raised risk for re-maltreatment included a previous foster care placement, exiting care from a non-relative foster home, and removal due to neglect. Older adolescents had lower rates of re-maltreatment than infants. Child neglect was the primary type of recurrent maltreatment that occurred following reunification.ConclusionsSupports are needed for families about to be reunified, particularly when the removal was prompted by incidents of abuse or neglect. Incidents of neglect are particularly likely and appropriate services should specifically target factors contributing to neglect. Cases involving youth with a history of repeated foster care placement or in which non-relative placements are utilized may need additional supports.Practice implicationsThis study suggests that services should be developed to minimize the risk for recurrent maltreatment following reunification. Services would be most useful for high-risk cases prior to reunification and during the first year following reunification. Understanding the risks associated with maltreatment will help guide development of appropriate interventions.     

Influence of Three Different Training Programs on Strength and Speed of a Limb Movement

Abstract

The experiment was designed to compare the effects of isometric-isotonic (A), dynamic-overload (B), and free swing (C) exercise programs on the speed and strength of a lateral arm movement The 26 college men in each group—three experimental and one control—were given pre- and post-training speed and strength trials. Each experimental group performed its assigned exercise twice a week during the 10-week training period. Reliability coefficients for both strength and speed of movement measurements were found to be high. Following training there were significant speed increases in both the isometric-isotonic and dynamic-overload groups (t=10.06 and 8.10; however, the difference in speed gain between conditions was nonsignificant (F=.10). Also, strength increases in both of these groups were significant (t=8.81 and 3.08), with that of the isometric-isotonic group significantly greater than the dynamic-overload group (F=5.11). No significant speed or strength gains were registered by either the free swing or control group.     

Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: a repeated measures study

High impact forces during gymnastic landings are thought to contribute to the high rate of injuries. Lower limb joint flexion is currently limited within gymnastic rules, yet might be an avenue for reduced force absorption. This study investigated whether lower limb flexion during three gymnastic landings was related to force. Differences between landings were also explored. Twenty-one elite women's artistic gymnasts performed three common gymnastic techniques: drop landing (DL), front and back somersaults. Ankle, knee, and hip angles, and vertical ground reaction force [(vGRF) magnitude and time to peak], were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform. The DL had significantly smaller peak vGRF, greater time to peak vGRF and larger lower limb flexion ranges than landing from either somersault. Peak vGRF and time to peak vGRF were inversely related. Peak vGRF was significantly reduced in gymnasts who landed with greater hip flexion, and time to peak was significantly increased with increasing ankle, knee, and hip flexion. Increased range of lower limb flexion should be encouraged during gymnastic landings to increase time to peak vGRF and reduce high impact force. For this purpose, judging criteria limitations on lower limb flexion should be reconsidered.     

Une question nouvelle pour l'action educative et la formation: Le vieillissement des populations

Résumé L'auteur met l'accent sur l'une des principales contradictions des sociétés industrialisées: l'accroissement de l'espérance de vie aux âges élevés et, en même temps, la marginalisation des personnes âgées. Le vieillissement dans ses différents aspects, notamment socio-démographiques, devrait constituer un thème éducatif de première importance dans le cadre de l'enseignement scolaire et dans la formation des intervenants auprès des personnes âgées. L'éducation peut enfin contribuer à enrichir les connaissances des personnes âgées mais aussi les aider à mieux assurer leur rôle de transmetteur de savoirs et d'expériences.

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The author stresses one of the principal contradictions in industrialized societies: the increase in life expectancy at advanced ages, at the same time as the marginalization of the elderly. Aging, in its different aspects, and notably that of social demography, should be an educational topic of first importance both in school teaching and in the training of those who care for the elderly. Education can help to enlarge older people's learning, but it can also assist them in their role of transmitter of knowledge and experience.

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Zusammenfassung Der Autor hebt einen der Hauptwidersprüche in Industrieländern hervor: die Erhöhung der Lebenserwartung und zur gleichen Zeit die Ausgrenzung älterer Menschen. Das Altern sollte mit seinen unterschiedlichen Aspekten und besonders dem Aspekt der sozialen Demographie als bildungspolitisches Thema höchste Priorität besitzen, und zwar sowohl im schulischen Bereich als auch in der Ausbildung von Altenpflegern. Bildung kann Lernmöglichkeiten für Ältere erweitern, aber sie kann sie auch in ihrer Rolle als Übermittler von Wissen und Erfahrungen bestärken.

     

Disseminating the right information to the right audience: cultural determinants in the use (and misuse) of rankings

Rankings and league tables, or Report Cards (RCs), of Higher Education Institutions have become a global phenomenon. Their purpose, it is claimed, is to help “student-consumers” make informed decisions. Yet the degree to which RCs succeed in helping students in their college choice is disputed. Even though RCs are intended for all, which information is sought and how it is used may differ between potential students hailing from different social, economic and cultural backgrounds. In particular, RCs may neglect certain cultural determinants that influence students’ college choice behaviour. The article reviews the literature on the cultural determinants of college choice and especially the use of RCs in the ambit of cultural determinants. In the United States, possibly because of evident educational gaps between ethnic groups in society, the issue of cultural perceptions in college choice has been addressed, albeit scantly. In Europe, this field of study is virtually non-existent, despite increasing indications that second and third generation immigrants still lag behind in terms of higher education participation and graduation rates.