Top-down and bottom-up approaches to improve educational quality: their intended and unintended consequences

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability -     

HIV/AIDS and nutrition: a bibliometric analysis

Diet and nutrition are directly involved in patient care protocols that reflect a shift in the treatment of HIV/AIDS as a chronic disease, with an emphasis on quality of life and expanded life trajectory. Research concerning HIV/AIDS and nutrition is multidisciplinary, yielding study results that appear in a wide variety of scholarly journals. The purpose of this research was to employ bibliometric techniques to evaluate the body of literature specific to HIV/AIDS and nutrition as well as to determine content overlap among major bibliographic citation databases.     

Evolution in the body of HIV nursing knowledge

The role nurses occupy in the care of the HIV/AIDS affected has evolved over time. This evolution is exhibited in the body of nursing knowledge and is recorded in the published literature. The purpose of this study was to describe landmarks in the evolution of nursing's involvement in the provision of care to HIV/AIDS patients and to examine the body of nursing knowledge relative to HIV/AIDS, employing bibliometric analytic techniques. It was expected that the literature would grow in both breadth and depth concurrent with nursing's increased role in caring for those infected, or at risk for infection, with HIV.     

通识教育与跨专业学习

通识教育是一个历史的概念,内容丰富而模糊。本文勾勒了通识教育在德国的历史演变过程,重点对通识教育的内涵进行了区分与分析,指出"关键技能"和"学术工作技能"是通识教育的核心,并重点讨论了培养学生这两种能力的相关条件。     

Limits of dynamic object perception in pigeons: Dynamic stimulus presentation does not enhance perception and discrimination of complex shape

A go/no-go procedure was used to train pigeons to discriminate pictures of human faces differing only in shape, with either static images or movies of human faces dynamically rotating in depth. On the basis of experimental findings in humans and some earlier studies on three-dimensional object perception in pigeons, we expected dynamic stimulus presentation to support the pigeon’s perception of the complex morphology of a human face. However, the performance of the subjects presented with movies was either worse than (AVI format movies) or did not differ from (uncompressed dynamic presentation) that of the subjects trained with a single or with multiple static images of the faces. Furthermore, generalization tests to other presentation conditions and to novel static views revealed no promoting effect of dynamic training. Except for the subjects trained on multiple static views, performance dropped to chance level with views outside the training range. These results are in contrast to some prior reports from the literature, since they suggest that pigeons, unlike humans, have difficulty using the additional structural information provided by the dynamic presentation and integrating the multiple views into a three-dimensional object.