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91.
92.
Ross Sanders Lesley Sanders 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):245-268
The aim of this study was to determine whether a constructivist approach, in particular a visit to a zoo, could be effective in consolidating mechanical concepts and applying those concepts to coaching and teaching. Ten students in their final year of their Bachelor of Physical Education at the University of Edinburgh participated in a visit to Edinburgh Zoo. During the visit students completed a worksheet of questions and engaged interactively in discussing how various animals are adapted mechanically to survive in their environments. Immediately after the visit they completed a questionnaire with four sections. The first section assessed whether they could apply the mechanical concepts discussed during the visit to human sports performance. The second canvassed their opinions on whether the visit was effective in reinforcing mechanical concepts, in developing ‘lateral thinking’ about mechanical concepts, and in improving their ability to apply mechanical concepts to coaching and teaching. The third canvassed their opinions on whether the visit would be effective for senior high school Physical Education and Sports Science students for developing mechanical concepts and applying them to coaching. The fourth section canvassed their opinions on when the visit should be conducted for Physical Education and Sports Science students in universities and in senior high schools. The results indicated that the visit was effective in reinforcing mechanical concepts and in applying them laterally to improve understanding of human sports performance. Participants believed that the visit would also be effective for senior high school students. All participants believed that the visit would be most beneficial after at least one course in biomechanics that covers the basic biomechanical principles. 相似文献
93.
As inactivity and obesity levels continue to rise, calls are being made for sport development action to be further directed towards capitalising on the value of community participation for health and social benefits. This paper seeks to highlight a current disconnect between physical activity and sport management research, and identify opportunities for collaboration. To date, the sport management literature has predominantly focused on sport as a form of entertainment with spectatorship outcomes, where professional codes are a commonly used setting of research inquiry. There has been less focus on organisational issues related to participation in sport and recreation. This is identified as a gap, given the current push towards increasing focus on sport and recreation promotion for community wellbeing. The present paper sought to examine physical activity and sport management research, to identify commonalities and potential for integration and co-operation. The outcome of this review is a conceptual framework, integrating socio-ecological models, taken from physical activity research, and sport development concepts derived from sport management theory. The proposed conceptual framework seeks to provide sport management researchers with direction in their efforts to promote participation in sport, recreation and physically active leisure domains, particularly for community wellbeing purposes. Furthermore, such direction may also enhance the capacity of researchers to capitalise on opportunities for collaboration and integration across domains of inquiry. 相似文献
94.
This literature review uses four dimensions to classify and compare how food‐related decision‐making is conceptualized and experimentally assessed in neuroscience and other disciplines: (1) food‐related decision‐making other than the decision of what to eat that is part of each eating episode, (2) decision complexes other than the eating episode itself, (3) the evolution of food‐related decision‐making over time, and (4) the nature of food related decisions. In neuroscience in particular, food‐related decision‐making research has been dominated by studies exploring the influence of a wide range of factors on the final outcome, the type and amount of foods eaten. In comparison, the steps that are leading up to this outcome have only rarely been discussed. Neuroscientists should broaden their historically narrow conceptualization of food‐related decision‐making. Then neuroscience research could help group the numerous hypothesized influences for each of the decision complexes into meaningful clusters that rely on the same or similar brain mechanisms and that thus function in similar ways. This strategy could help researchers improve existing broad models of human food‐related decision‐making from other disciplines. The integration of neuroscientific and behavioral science approaches can lead to a better model of food‐related decision‐making grounded in the brain and relevant to the design of more effective school and nonschool lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat obesity in children, adolescents, and adults. 相似文献
95.
“It’s the X and Y Thing”: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Changes in Children’s Understanding of Genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies from different theoretical traditions investigating children’s inheritance and genetics concepts have adopted a cross-sectional
method. This paper is the first to examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in children’s basic genetic concepts.
It forms part of a larger investigation into the development of intuitive inheritance and genetics concepts in childhood.
Four age cohorts (4–5 years, 7–8 years, 10–11 years, 14–15 years) were interviewed individually at two measurement occasions
(T1, N = 182; T2, N = 164) separated by a 1-year interval. Cross-sectional analyses revealed an increase in children’s knowledge of genetics
by 10 years. Between 10 and 14 years, there were fewer changes in the content of children’s knowledge, especially at the level
of scientific genetic understanding. There was little evidence of longitudinal changes over the 1-year period. Overall, children
may hold an understanding of genetics that is tied to knowledge of inheritance within families. This may pose challenges for
acquiring more abstract and formal concepts of genes. 相似文献
96.
Lesley H. Parker John W. Wallace Barry J. Fraser 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》1993,21(2):169-177
This paper describes a pilot project for the professional development of science teachers, a major aim of which was to update teachers’ science content knowledge. The paper focuses on the rationale and background of the project, the model of inservice education, the arrangements for credentialling and recognising participating teachers, and the findings of the external evaluation of the initial stages of the project. It concludes with a summary of the features of the project which appear to be facilitating the achievement of its aims. 相似文献
97.
This is a reply to an article authored by Enslin and Horsthemke (2014) published in Educational Philosophy and Theory (EPAT). Enslin and Horsthemke argue that those who they refer to as ‘friends of the subaltern’ pit themselves against a straw-person that is swiftly dismissed in pointing out blindness of the Western tradition. They point out that in doing so ‘friends of the subaltern’ pursue a ‘politics of resentment’. In their reply, Le Grange and Aikenhead argue that Enslin and Horsthemke mischaracterise their work by cherry picking from their selected works and by taking their words out of context. They suggest that Enslin and Horsthemke produce their own straw-person arguments that they accuse others of doing. Le Grange and Aikenhead argue that their research programmes seek cognitive justice which is not tantamount to engaging in a politics of resentment. 相似文献
98.
This exploratory study investigated the role and importance of peers in providing personal and academic support for Year 11
female students, enrolled in physics and biology. While these areas of support had been identified in earlier research by
Holland and Eisenhart (1981), this study attempted to investigate further their importance within an Australian context. Questionnaires,
completed by one hundred female students, were analysed using Principal Components Analysis and MANOVA. The statistical analysis
found no significant differences between the six relevant factors and science subjects, however, significant differences emerged
in relation to schools and particular factors. Subsequently, six interviews were conducted with selected students to elaborate
upon the statistical differences that emerged from these results. The interviews corroborated the findings of the quantitative
analysis and provided explanations for these differences. Overall, the results of this study suggest that while the supportive
role provided by peers is similar regardless of the science subject undertaken by a female student this role varies between
schools. 相似文献
99.
Matthew Zylstra Karen Esler Andrew Knight Lesley Le Grange 《The Journal of environmental education》2019,50(1):1-10
The concept of “connectedness with nature” is increasingly used in environmental and sustainability discourse. However, this construct has also been critiqued and proponents charged with harboring an ambivalence that paradoxically reinforces a sense of separation from “nature”. We respond to one critique by demonstrating that whilst problematizing aspects of “connectedness with nature” has merit, selective use of examples misconstrues efforts in this field, undermines common ground and conflates theoretical conceptualizations with practical implementation. In addressing problems of perception and praxis, we emphasize the primacy of direct experience in shaping ways of knowing and recommend integral ecology (based on Wilber’s integral theory) as an inclusive framework for attending to multiple perspectives on the human-nature relationship. 相似文献
100.
Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: sleep diary reports by mothers relate to behavior reports by teachers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prior literature suggests that there may be relations between children's sleep disorders or inadequate amounts of sleep and behavioral adjustment. Most relevant studies concern clinical populations, however, and relatively few concern community populations. Moreover, previous studies have not addressed empirically the possible role of family functioning as a factor in the relation between children's sleep and adjustment. The present study, conducted in a predominantly low-income, community sample (N = 202), measured 4- to 5-year-old children's sleep patterns through daily logs kept by mothers, and measured family stress and parenting practices through detailed, multifaceted interviews and incidental observations of parent-child interactions. Children's adjustment, both positive and negative, was measured through preschool teacher reports on multiple occasions. A structural equation model showed that disrupted child sleep patterns (variability in reported amount of sleep, variability in bedtime, and lateness of bedtime) predicted less optimal adjustment in preschool, even after considering the roles of family stress and family management practices. 相似文献