The treatment of race in picture books for young children

Never being fully able to be myself, I had slowly learned that the South could recognize but a part of a man, could accept but a fragment of his personality, and all the rest—the best and deepest things of heart and mind—were tossed away in blind ignorance and hate.     

A factor analytic study of children’s picture interpretation behavior

Many questions about picture interpretation behavior remain to be answered One question relates to the psychological nature of such behavior and may be stated; What psychological processes are involved in drawing inferences from pictures? This study attempts to answer the question using a model of picture interpretation that consists of two interdependent forms of behavior: observation and inference drawing. The study focuses on the latter, which is further divided into productive and evaluative processes. These are accounted for by three constructs: operational facility, the ability to generalize concepts, and conceptual fluency. To test the model and related hypotheses, two pictorial tests of inference drawing and 19 reference tests were administered to 95 children aged 10 to 12 years, A factor analytic methodology was employed.     

The effects of evaluation conditions on “continuing motivation” study of the cultural,personological and situational antecedents of a motivational pattern

This study compares the effects of three different evaluation conditions on the “continuing motivation” of grade school students in Iran and the U.S. In both cultural groups, the highest continuing motivation was shown by students in a self-evaluation condition followed, in order, by students in the peer comparison and teacher evaluation conditions. While the generalizability of evaluation effects is perhaps the most striking finding, it may he noted that these effects were to some extent modified by individual differences in achieving orientation and sex role. Also of interest were the effects of performance level on continuing motivation, In this case, higher levels of performance on the task were generally followed by greater continuing motivation. The theoretical implications of this and other findings were discussed in terms of Current achievement theory.     

User-satisfaction based bandwidth allocation for transmission of multiple sources of human perceptual data

In recent years, more and more point-to-point communication systems involve simultaneous transmission of multiple sources of human perceptual data over a single communication medium. For example, in a teleoperation system or a telerobotic system, streams of video, audio, and haptic data need to be sent from a field place to a remote human operator. Each type of data demands a certain range of transmission rate. This creates conflicts among these data when the available bandwidth is limited.In this paper we study the bandwidth allocation for multiple sources of human perceptual data transmitted over a rate-limited communication channel. We aim to maximize the overall user satisfaction in the data transmission, and formulate an optimization problem for the bandwidth allocation. Using either the logarithmic or exponential form of human perceptual satisfaction function, we are able to derive closed-form solutions for the optimization problem. We show that the optimal bandwidth allocation for each type of data is piecewise linear with respect to the total available bandwidth.     

学校改进中教师领导研究述评

在学校改进的研究中,教师领导已愈来愈成为重要的研究领域.目前学校改进中教师领导的研究集中于对行使领导力的教师--"领袖教师"的研究,围绕领袖教师在学校改进中的角色、能力、发展以及与他人的关系而展开.整体而言,现有的研究存在以下的特点:(1)领袖教师自身的专业发展是研究的核心;(2)整全式的研究策略;(3)领袖教师与情境的关系研究还较为缺乏.     

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the thyroid and lung: a case report and review of literature

Cancer metastasis to the thyroid is extremely rare. The more commonly reported primary sites for metastasis to the thyroid are the kidney, breast, lung, colon, esophagus, and uterus. Thyroid metastasis from the stomach has only been reported in three cases. Herein, we report a 71-year-old man presenting with bilateral thyroid multinodular lesions. Bilateral near-total thyroidectomy was performed due to airway compression with related symptoms. Wedge resection of a suspicious pulmonary nodule, detected on CT, was performed for diagnosis. Polypoid lesions in the stomach were examined by trans-scopic biopsy. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas with the same histological profiles were noted at these three sites. The immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin of these specimens was negative. We conclude that a new thyroid mass appearing in a patient with present or prior malignancies should raise the concern of metastatic disease.     

Relationships among childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and health in female veterans in primary care

OBJECTIVE: Women with histories of childhood maltreatment (CM) have higher rates of physical health problems and greater medical utilization compared to women without abuse histories. This study examined whether current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the relationship between CM and indicators of physical health and medical utilization in female veterans. METHOD: Respondents were 221 female veterans (56% of the potential sample), who received medical care from the San Diego VA Healthcare System during a 12-month period. Respondents provided self-report information about CM, PTSD symptoms, use of pain medication, and physical symptoms and functioning. Additional information about medical utilization was extracted from respondents' medical charts. Regression-based models were conducted to test whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relationships between CM and physical symptoms and between CM and medical utilization. RESULTS: Emotional abuse was associated with poorer role-physical functioning, increased bodily pain and greater odds of using pain medication in the past 6 months. Physical abuse was associated with poorer general health. Contrary to prediction, emotional neglect was associated with better role-physical functioning, and CM was not associated with increased healthcare utilization. PTSD was shown to mediate the relationship between emotional and physical abuse and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD, or psychopathology more generally, appears to be an important factor in the negative health impact of CM. Given that several empirically supported interventions are available for PTSD, there may be physical health benefits in early identification and treatment of psychopathology related to CM.     

Rites of Passage: Does adaptation to university mean severing connections?

Many factors go into the decision of selecting a university, ranging from the overall costs and the programme of study to the institute’s reputation; however, accommodation while at university and proximity of the university to one’s permanent abode also play important roles in this decision-making process. Thus, first-year students experience different stages of separation from their prior networks depending on their individual situations. The results of this Ontario (Canada) 2012 study add to prior research by indicating that separation of students’ living arrangements and distance from home impact on transition and incorporation variables, which influenced students’ adaptation to university.