Nutritional strategies to support concurrent training

Abstract

Concurrent training (the combination of endurance exercise to resistance training) is a common practice for athletes looking to maximise strength and endurance. Over 20 years ago, it was first observed that performing endurance exercise after resistance exercise could have detrimental effects on strength gains. At the cellular level, specific protein candidates have been suggested to mediate this training interference; however, at present, the physiological reason(s) behind the concurrent training effect remain largely unknown. Even less is known regarding the optimal nutritional strategies to support concurrent training and whether unique nutritional approaches are needed to support endurance and resistance exercise during concurrent training approaches. In this review, we will discuss the importance of protein supplementation for both endurance and resistance training adaptation and highlight additional nutritional strategies that may support concurrent training. Finally, we will attempt to synergise current understanding of the interaction between physiological responses and nutritional approaches into practical recommendations for concurrent training.     

Reactions to obscene language

Results of the present study indicate that obscene language, which leads to the perception of lewdness, reduces perceived competence, trustworthiness, sociability, pleasantness and politeness. These findings underscore the importance of measuring receiver perception variables in language effects studies. That is, manipulated obscenity effects were small, perceived obscenity effects were moderate to large and perceived lewdness effects were large.